biochemII

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What do vitamins ADEK all have in common? (think absorption factors), are deficiencies in these common or uncommon overall? What "factors" are usually associated with deficiencies with these?
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Terms in this set (19)
What do vitamins ADEK all have in common? (think absorption factors), are deficiencies in these common or uncommon overall? What "factors" are usually associated with deficiencies with these?
- All are fat soluble vitamins

- Fat malabsorption are associated with reductions in these

- Factors: low luminal pH, low bile salts, inadequate triglycerides hydrolysis, lack of bile/lipase
Vit D- what 2 organs are related? Which is involved in last step and if diseased/dysfunctional can impact this nutrient's status?
- Liver and kidneys

- The kidneys are involved in the last step

- Renal failure- the kidneys struggle to activate vit D which leads to reductions in calcium absorption
Which vitamin (ADEK) is associated with malnutrition? What are signs if this same vitamin is taken in excess?
- Vit A is common with prolonged malnutrition

- Toxicities- loss of hair, dry mucous membranes, rough skin, bone losses and fractures
Which vitamin (ADEK) is associated with bleeding disorders when taken in excess?
Vit E
Prothrombin time/INR- what vitamin is this measurement associated with (although it does NOT directly measure this vitamin) what does this test measure? What would an elevated PT mean with regards to clotting?
- Vit K

- BGP (bone G protein- bone turn over) impacted/stimulated 1,25 dihydroxy vit D and depends on vit K (when vit K is decreased , serum elvels of osteocalcin and BGP are also decreased)

- High levels of PT means high risk of clot formation
Thiamin status- what can skew results? What does serum thiamin indicate- storage or dietary intake? What conditions are thiamin deficiency common for?
- Eating a meal before lab work is done can skew results because Thiamin levels are effected by diet

- Serum thiamin reflects diet

- Thiamin deficiencies are common for alcohol abuse, malnutrition, people on diuretics, and people with impaired absorption
What impacts interpretation of urinary creatinine to examine muscle mass? What is serum creatinine associated with (hint: function of what organ?)
- Diet impacts the interpretation of urinary creatinine

- Serum creatinine is associated with kidney function, elevated creatinine can be associated with poor kidney functioning.
What is BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) associated with? (hint: BUN- hydration, protein, kidneys)
- Protein: Urea is produced as a waste product during the digestion of proteins

- Hydration: SImilar to electrolytes, when fluid levels are low, blood urea nitrogen levels are high

-Kidneys: BUN is filtered out by the kidneys so elevated BUN can indicate kidney problems
BUN/Creatinine ratio- kidney function - what is the normal ratio range? What would elevated numbers (e.g. 25) indicate?
- Normal ratio range: 10:1 - 20:1

- Elevated numbers suggest impaired kidney function since both BUN and Creatinine are regulated by the kidneys
GFR is associated with what organ? What is a "basic" description of this clinical test? Do the rates increase or decrease with dysfunction of the main organ this test is associated with?
- GFR is associated with the kidneys

- Directly tests the ability of the kidneys to filter blood and regulate electrolytes and water.

- Rates decrease with the dysfunction of the kidneys: Over 90 is normal functioning, less than 15 is kidney failure
Lipids risk cut-offsHDL Men < 40 Women < 50 ** 60 new target for both for health LDL > 131 Triglycerides > 150 (metabolic syndrome), > 200 (CVD risk) TC (total cholesterol) > 200Serum Glucose (mg/dl)DM2 dx criteria: Classic symptoms + "taken whenever" ≥200 OGTT ≥200 Fasting ≥ 126 IGT 110-126What is the HbA1c to use as a 2nd indicator for DM2 dx? What are the diabetic ranges, timeline for lab value? 1% change = 35mg/dl glucoseTime line for lab value= past 2-3 months An HbA1c value of 6.5% is used as a 2nd indicator for DM2 dx 4-7% = good diabetic control 6-8% = fair control >8% = poor controlGlucose = fasting vs. post-prandial (post meal) - expected variances, ranges, role of food on this lab . . . and interpreting this lab . . . (basic concepts, do not try to memorize the pictures, focus more on concept of slide 20 and the concepts on 19)Insulin spikes within the first hour post-prandial for healthy adults and, at a much lesser level, spikes within 1-2 hours for diabetics.Metabolic Syndrome - what are the 5 factors, how many must be met?Must meet 3 OR MORE -Abdominal Obesity -Triglycerides > or equal to 150 mg/dl -HDL in males <40 mg/dl and females <50 mg/dl -BP > or equal to 130/85 -Fasting plasma glucose > or equal to 100 mg/dlBlood pressure- what are the categories? Be able to match criteria with categoriesNormal- less than 120 syst. AND less than 80 diastolic Elevated= 120-129 syst. AND less than 80 diastolic Stage 1 High Blood Pressure= 130-139 syst. OR 80-89 diastolic Stage 2 High Blood Pressure= 140+ syst. OR 90+ diastolic Hypertensive Crisis= 180+ syst. AND/OR 120+ diastolic80+ syst. AND/OR 120+ diastolic80+ syst. AND/OR 120+ diastolicBicarb is associated withacid/base/metabolic/respiratory balanceLactic Acid Dehydrogenase - is associated with damage to what?Tissue damagehsCRP ranges of severity3.1-9.9 mg/dl (HIGH), ≥ 10 mg/dl (VERY HIGH)