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A&P chapter 22

Terms in this set (40)

What is the PH?
Power of the hydrogen ion
7.35-7.45
Neutral
2.45
alkaline or base
7.35
acid
Ph indicates what?
The solutions hydrogen
Acidic- Too much acid
Lower than 7.35 means that there is too much acid in your system.
Normal
Neutral
Alkaline
7.45 means that there is not enough acid
What refers to an excess of acid in the bloos that causes the pH to fall below 7.35?
Acidosis
Whta refers to an ecess of base in the blood that causes th pH to rise above 7.45?
Alkalosis
Above 45.
Lung diseases, LOC
Hypoventilation (Retain CO2)
Under 35
Aniety attack, fear, pain
Hyperventilation
What is oxygen saturation?
Refers to the extent to which hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen.
oxygen saturation is usually between what eprcen
96 and 98* check to see if that's right
What acts to regulate PH by neutralizing acid?
HCO3
Acid base balance refers to
the body's system for maintaingin normal hydrogen concentration.
Normal hydrogen ion concentration is maintained by
Chemical buffers
respiratory: the lungs regulate carbon dioxide in the blood
Renal: the kidneys regulate the bicarbonate
3 mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
1. buffer mechanism in blood (chemical)
2. Respiratory mechanism
3. Urinary mechanism
How does the buffer mechanism in the blood regulate PH?
Hydronium ions (H+) are removed, preventing the pH of blood from becoming acidic.
The blood contains large amounts of:
carbonic acid, a week acid bicarbonate, a base.
TOgether they help maintain the bloods pH at
7.4
Bicarbonate helps what?
To increase the PH of the blood making it more alkaline
How does a buffer mechanism in the blood regulate PH
Hydronium ions (H+) are removed, preventing the PH of blood from becoming acidic
What deals with respiratory rate, rhythm, depth. Takes over from chemical buffer system, lasts slighlty longer in maintaining pH balance.
Respiratory buffer system
What is the kidneys most effective regulators of blood ph? Eliminate much larger amounts of acid than the lungs, tubules of kidneys can excrete acid and conserve base.?
Urinary mechanism
A body produces excessive quantities of acid, kidneys are not removing enough acid, bicarbonate deficit. What is this process called?
Metabolic acidosis
A blood ph that is lower than 7.35 is considered?
A metabolic condition
WHat are some causes of metabolic acidoses
kidney disease, uncontrolled diabetes, prolonged diarrhea etc.
What is a metabolic condition where its metabolic condition/ pH is high beyond the normal range of 7.35-7.45?
Metabolic alkalosis
What does it mean when the lungs cant remove enough of the carbon dioxide produced by the body.
Respiratory acidosis
What is a cup shaped top of a nephron aka bowman capsule
glomerular capsule
A network of blood capillaries tucked into the glomerular capsule
Glomerulus
What is the first segment of the renal tubule ?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
WHat extends from the ascending limb to collecting duct?
Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT)
Extension of the proximal tubule into the renal medulla
Nephron loop
Ureters
Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
What is a narrow tube from the urinary bladder to the exterior? Is lines with mucous membrane. What is the passage of urine from the bladder to the external body?
Urethra
Anuria
Absence of urine
polyuria
unusually large amount of urine
oliguria
Scanty amounts of urine
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