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Digestive System Exam 4

Terms in this set (36)

Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Fatty chyme stimulate release
CCK in the stomach
inhibits secretion
CCK in liver
inhibits secretion
CCK in pancreas
increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice
CCK in gallbladder
stimulates organ to contract and expel stored bile
CCK hepatopancreatic sphincter
relaxes sphincter, allowing bile to enter duodenum
gastric inhibitory peptide
inhibits HCL secretion
Gastrin
produced by G cells of the stomach
gastrin in stomach
Increases HCl secretion
gastrin in small intestine
increase contractions
gastrin in ileocecal valve
relaxes ileocecal valve
gastrin in large intestine
stimulates mass movements
histamine
activates parietal cells to release HCl
Secretin
produced by duodenal mucosa in response to acidic chyme
secretin in stomach
inhibits gastric gland secretions
secretin in pancreas
increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions; potentiates CCK's action
Secretin in liver
increases bile output
serotonin
produced by stomach muscosa in response to food. causes contraction of stomach muscle
5 cell types in mucosal epithelium
enterocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine, paneth, stem
enterocytes
specialized absorptive cells in the villi of the small intestine. secrete intestinal juice in the crypts
goblet cells
Mucus secreting cells in mucous membranes
enteroendocrine cells
scattered cells in the GI tract in the mucosa; secrete several hormones that aid in digestion in response to the presence of food
Paneth cells
secrete defensins and lysozyme
stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division. divide in the crypts
Glycogenesis
formation of glycogen from glucose
Glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Glycolysis
breakdown of pyruvic acid
gluconeogensis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body (sugars, starches, cellulose)
vitamin
function as coenzymes; organic compound needed in small amounts
Minerals
A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence (salt)
cholesterol
steroid; serves as a precursor to hormones and maintains the fluidity of the plasma membrane
glucose
exclusive energy site for neurons
HDL cholesterol
good. high density lipoprotein. high protein, low fat
LDL cholesterol
bad. low density lipoprotein. low protein, high fat
this hormone can raise body temperature
thyroxine
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