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Meiosis

Terms in this set (30)

Chromosomes & Chromosomes number
each characteristic, such as hair color, height, or eyes color, is called a TRAIT.
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the "instructions" for each trait are located on CHROMOSOMES, which are found in the NUCLEUS of CELLS.
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the DNA on chromosomes is arranged in segments called GENES
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genes control the production of PROTEIN
Homologous Chromosomes
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EACH PARENT contributes 23 chromosomes, resulting in 23 PAIRS of chromosomes.
Homologous Chromosomes
the chromosomes that make up a pair ( one chromosome from each parent) are called
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homologous chromosomes carry GENES that control the SAME INHERITED TRAITS
Haploid and Diploid
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n
represents the number of chromosomes in a gamete
haploiod cell
a cell with n # chromosomes
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haploid comes from the greek word meaning SINGLE
Fertilizationn
the process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete
gametes
sex cells that have HALF the # of chromosomes
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each human body cells has 46 chromosomes
Diploid cell
a cell that conatins 2n number of chromosomes
Meiosis 1
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meiosis
gametes are formed
type og cell division that reduces the # of chromosomes; refered to as the REDUCTION DIVISION
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meiosis involves two consecutive divisions called MEIOSIS 1 & MEIOSIS 2
interphase
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cells tha undergo meiosis also go through interphase as part of the cell cycle
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cells in interphase CARRY OUT VARIOUS METABOLIC PROCESS including the replication of DNA and they SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS
Prophase 1
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as cells enter Prophase 1, the relicaated chromosomes because VISIBLE
As in mitosis, the relipcated chromosomes consit of TWO SISTER CHROMATIDS
synapsis
homologous chromosomes condense = they begin to form pairs.
crossing over
process during which chromosomal sehments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes.
prophase 1
as prophase 1 continues- CENTRIOLES move to the cell's opposite poles. SPINDLE FIBER form and bind to the sister chromarids at the CENTROMERE.
Metaphase 1
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the pair of chromosomes seperate.
moves to opposite sides of the poles.
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distinction between mitosis and meiosis = during metaphoase 1 of MEIOSIS 1, homologous chromosomes line up as pairs at the cell's equator.
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