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A&P Ch. 14

Terms in this set (57)

Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex
True
The cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci.
True
The epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
False
The blood-CSF barrier is composed of dense regular connective tissue lining the ventricles
False
Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum
True
The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.
False
The medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain.
False
The forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the diencephalon
True
The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus are involved in such feels as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain.
True
The Wernicke area recognizes spoke and written language
True
Substantial visual association areas are found in the temporal lobe.
false
16. The following are all major components of the brainstem except the _________.



A. pons

B. medulla oblongata

C. midbrain

D. cerebellum
D. cerebellum
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by __________.


A. many sulci

B. many gyri

C. the brainstem

D. the longitudinal fissure

E. the corpus callosum
D. the longitudinal fissure
The cerebellum is __________ to the cerebrum.


A. superficial

B. deep

C. caudal

D. rostral

E. medial
C. caudal
The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called the __________ and deeper masses called __________ surrounded by white matter.


A. nuclei; tracts

B. cortex; nuclei

C. cortex; medulla

D. medulla; midbrain

E. medulla; nerves
B. cortex; nuclei
Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?


A. Pons

B. Midbrain

C. Cerebellum

D. Medulla oblongata

E. Hypothalamus
A. pons
From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?


A. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid

B. Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

C. Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid

D. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

E. Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater
B. dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

DAP
don't argue please
Which of the following is not a function of CSF?


A. To regulate the chemical environment of the nervous tissue

B. To rinse metabolic wastes from the nervous tissue

C. To provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue

D. To protect the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted

E. To allow the brain to attain considerable size without being impaired by its own weight
C. To provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous system
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?


A. Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells

B. Sodium, potassium, and chloride

C. Urea and creatinine

D. Glucose and oxygen

E. Antibiotics
D. glucose and oxygen

GO
Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?


A. Gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

C. Gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

D. Desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and ependymal cells that form the capillary walls

E. Gap junctions between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
B. tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition?


A. Parkinson disease

B. Alzheimer disease

C. Meningitis

D. Hydrocephalus

E. A stroke
C. meningitis
Where are the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers found?


A. Medulla oblongata

B. Pons

C. Midbrain

D. Spinal cord

E. Diencephalon
A. medulla oblongata
The __________ function(s) in visual attention, such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly.


A. inferior colliculi

B. superior colliculi

C. tegmentum

D. red nucleus

E. substantia nigra
B. superior colliculi
Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?


A. Cerebral crus

B. Tegmentum

C. Pons

D. Substantia nigra

E. Inferior colliculi
D. substantia nigra
The reticular formation is a web of __________ scattered throughout the __________.


A. nerves; white matter in the cerebrum

B. white matter; cerebellum

C. gray matter; brainstem

D. gray matter; cerebrum

E. neurosomas; hypothalamus
gray matter; brainstem
What is the largest part of the hindbrain?


A. Cerebellum

B. Cerebrum

C. Brainstem

D. Pons

E. Hypothalamus
A. cerebellum
Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?


A. Limbic system

B. Pons

C. Pituitary gland

D. Medulla oblongata

E. Cerebellum
E. cerebellum
There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?


A. Thalamus

B. Medulla oblongata

C. Midbrain

D. Cerebellum

E. Pons
D. cerebellum
Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?


A. Thalamus

B. Hypothalamus

C. Epithalamus

D. Cerebellum

E. Reticular formation
A. Thalamus
Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain?


A. Limbic system

B. Thalamus

C. Pineal gland

D. Hypothalamus

E. Pituitary gland
D. Hypothalamus
A lesion in which structure would cause a person to have an erratic waking/sleeping cycle?


A. Satiety center

B. Mammillary nucleus

C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus

D. Pituitary gland

E. Medial geniculate nucleus
C. suprachiasmatic nucleus
The pineal gland is part of which larger region of the brain?


A. Thalamus

B. Hypothalamus

C. Occipital lobe

D. Midbrain

E. Epithalamus
E. Epithalamus
Planning, motivation, and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with which part of the cerebrum?


A. Frontal lobe

B. Parietal lobe

C. Occipital lobe

D. Insula

E. Temporal lobe
A. frontal lobe
Which of the following is correct regarding the occipital lobe?


A. It is chiefly concerned with mood, memory, and emotions.

B. It is the principal visual center of the brain.

C. It is the primary site for receiving and interpreting signals from the general senses.

D. It is concerned with voluntary motor functions.

E. It is likely to play a role in understanding spoken language.
B. It is the principal visual center of the brain.
Which lobe is deep to the lateral sulcus and can only be seen by removing some of the overlying cerebrum?


A. Frontal lobe

B. Occipital lobe

C. Parietal lobe

D. Temporal lobe

E. Insula
E. Insula
The great majority of which tracts pass through the corpus callosum?


A. Ascending

B. Descending

C. Projection

D. Commissural

E. Association
D. Commissural
Most gray matter of the cerebrum is located in which region?


A. Reticular formation

B. Neocortex

C. Limbic system

D. Basal nuclei

E. Substantia nigra
B. Neocortex
In which structure / system are the hippocampus and amygdala found?


A. Medulla oblongata

B. Basal Ganglia

C. Limbic system

D. Midbrain

E. Cerebral cortex
C. Limbic system
A predominance of which waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed?


A. Alpha

B. Beta

C. Theta

D. Delta

E. Gamma
A. Alpha
Which of the following occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?


A. The muscles relax, and body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate fall.

B. The muscles are very relaxed and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate, and respiratory rate are at their lowest levels.

C. The muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate and respiratory rate increase.

D. A person falls into light sleep.

E. A person begins to relax and feels drowsy.
C. The muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate and respiratory rate increase.
Short-term memory is associated with the __________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the __________.

A. cerebral cortex; hippocampus

B. hippocampus; cerebral cortex

C. cerebral cortex; hypothalamus
h
D. amygdala; hippocampus

E. hippocampus; midbrain
B. hippocampus; cerebral cortex
Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect which of the following?


A. Memory

B. Awareness of objects

C. Recognition and identification of objects

D. Expression of emotional feelings

E. Cognition
D. Expression of emotional feelings
Which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex?


A. Shoulder

B. Fingers

C. Toes

D. Trunk

E. Neck
B. Fingers
The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are called __________ neurons.


A. stellate

B. third-order

C. first-order

D. upper motor

E. lower motor
D. upper motor
Nonfluent aphasia, due to a lesion in the __________, results in slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, or use of words that only approximate the correct word.


A. primary motor area

B. cerebral lateralization

C. Broca area

D. Wernicke area

E. primary auditory area
C. Broca area
After a stroke, a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain?


A. Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe

B. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe

C. Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe

D. Postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe

E. Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
B. postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?


A. Accessory nerve (XI)

B. Facial nerve (VII)

C. Trigeminal nerve (V)

D. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

E. Abducens nerve (VI)
C. Trigeminal nerve (V)
63. Which cranial nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?


A. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

B. Accessory nerve (XI)

C. Trochlear nerve (IV)

D. Abducens nerve (VI)

E. Vagus nerve (X)
E. Vagus nerve (X)
Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?


A. Dural sinus

B. Lateral ventricle

C. Central canal

D. Subarachnoid space
A. Dural sinus
Injury to the reticular formation can result in which of the following?


A. Irreversible coma

B. Hypertension

C. Parkinson disease

D. Alzheimer disease
A. irreversible coma
In the cerebral cortex, which cells process information on a local level?


A. Stellate

B. Pyramidal

C. Purkinje

D. Ependymal
A. Stellate
Why is 90% of the cerebral cortex referred to as the neocortex?


A. It developed recently evolutionarily when mammals diversified.

B. It is only found in humans.

C. It is last to develop in the fetus and is thus the youngest part of the brain.

D. It has the ability to regenerate the outermost three of its six layers.
A. it developed recently evolutionarily when mammals diversified
The neocortex contains which of the following cells?


A. Pyramidal and stellate cells

B. Pyramidal and Purkinje cells

C. Purkinje and stellate cells

D. Pyramidal, stellate, and Purkinje cells
A. pyramidal and stellate cells.
Which of the following pairings of brain wave names and descriptions is paired correctly?


A. Delta Waves - predominance of these may indicate serious brain damage in an adult.

B. Beta waves - predominance of these may indicate emotional stress.

C. Alpha waves - are greatest during sensory stimulation.

D. Theta waves - absent during deep sleep.
A. Delta waves - predominance of these may indicate serious brain damage in an adult
Exhausted from studying all night, you briefly close your eyes and your mind starts to wander. Which brain waves would be most predominant in an EEG?


A. Alpha

B. Beta

C. Delta

D. Theta
A. alpha
Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?


A. Abducens - V

B. Oculomotor - III

C. Facial - VII

D. Accessory - XI
A. abducens - V
Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling. Which cranial nerve did they target?


A. V

B. VII

C. IX

D. XII
A. V
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