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Chapter 10 Quiz Tuesday

Terms in this set (67)

Methods in Studying Developmental Psychology
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Cross-Sectional Studies
study different ages at the same point in time. Pros and Cons
Pros of Cross-Sectional Studies
Inexpensive, done quickly, low attrition
Cons of Cross Sectional Studies
- different groups are always alike
- differences due to cohort differences not age.
Longitudinal Study
Study same group of people over time
Pros of Longitudinal Study
detailed info
developmental changes studied
Cons of Longitudinal Study
- expensive & time consuming
- high attrition in detail
Biographical/ Retrospective Study
subject's past is reconstructed thru interviews & research about their life.
Pros of Biographical/ Retrospective Study
great detail about life
in depth study of one person
Cons of Biographical/ Retrospective Study
recall may not be accurate
can be expensive & time
Perinatal Development
Period of time from conception to birth

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Approximate Prenatal Week
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Development
2nd week
Implantation on uterine wall
3rd week
Heart begins to pump
4th week
Digestive system & eyes begin to form
5th week
Ears begin to form
6th week
Arms & legs begin to form
7th - 8th week
Male sex organ & fingers form
8th week
Bones begin to form, legs & arms move, Toes form
10th - 11th week
Female sex organs form
12th week
Fetus about one ounce, Fetal movement can occur, fingerprints form
20th week
Mother feels movement, Reflexes appear: sucking, swallowing, & hiccupping
Nails, sweat glands, & soft hair develope
27th week
Fetus weighs about two pounds
38th week
Fetus weighs about seven pounds
40th week

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Full term baby born

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Conception
cell/egg & sperm. Zygote, Blastocyst, and Embryo
Zygote
single cell - cellular division
Blastocyst
5 days after conception moves down fallopian tube to uterus, turns into embryo and placenta
Embryo
two weeks - three months after conception
Implantation
embeds itself in lining (endometrium) becomes part of placenta.
Placenta
connects to mother, brings oxygen & nutrients, removes waste
Fetus
three months after conception in birth.
Critical Period
influences that have a major effect
Teratogens
damaging substances to an embryo or fetus.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
occurs when women drink vast amounts of alcohol during pregnancy. Symptoms: facial deformities, heart defects, stunted growth, & cognitive impairments.
Newborn Reflexes
come equipped with a number of reflexes, such as those that help them breathe and nurse.

Rooting Reflex, Sucking Reflex, Swallowing Reflex, .Grasping Reflex , and Stepping Reflex
Rooting Reflex
causes a newborn, when touched on the cheek, to turn its head in that direction and grope around with its mouth
Sucking Reflex
causes the newborn to suck on anything that is placed in its mouth
Swallowing Reflex
enables it to swallow liquids without choking
.Grasping Reflex
causes a newborn to close its fist around anything that is put in its hand
Stepping Reflex
stepping motions made when held upright
The Developmental Norms for Motor Development
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AGE
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BEHAVIOR
1 Month
While on stomach, can lift head
2 Months
While on stomach, can hold chest up
Can roll from side to back
3 Months
Can roll over and will reach for objects
6-7 Months
Sits without support
Stands holding on to objects
8-10 Months
Crawls
8-12 Months
Pulls self up to stand
11-12 Months
"Cruises"- walks by holding on to objects
12-18 Months

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Walks alone

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Temperament
characteristic patterns of emotional reactions & emotional self - regulation
The Thomas & Chess Study
3 types, later a fourth added by Kagan

Easy, Difficult, Slow to Warm-up, and Shy Child
Easy
good-natured, easy to care for; adaptable
Difficult
moody & intense, react to new situations & people negatively & strongly
Slow to Warm-up
inactives & show to respond to new things, and when they do react, it is mild
Shy Child
timid & inhibited, fearful of anything new or strange
Perceptual Abilities
Vision, Hearing, Taste and smell
Vision
clear for only 8-10 inches, then good by 6 months
Hearing
ears function before birth, infants tune into human voices
Taste & Smell
fully functional
*Erikson - 1. Trust v. Mistrust
the infant must form a first loving, trusting relationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust
Infancy & Childhood
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Physical Development
Kids grow 10 inches & 15 pounds in the first year
Growth spurts - 1 inch per night is possible
Growth slows during 2nd year
Developmental Norms
Ages by which an average child achieves various dev milestones
Motor Development
reflexes are substituted for voluntary actions.
Maturation
automatic biological unfolding of dev. in an organism as a function of passage of time.
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