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Unit 1 Exploration, Discovery, and Settlement 1492-1700

Terms in this set (45)

Native Americans
a member of any of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
land bridge (theory)
a strip of land that connects two larger landmasses, enabling migration of plants, animals, and humans to new areas (theory that native Americans came to America by a land bridge connected to present-day Russia across the bearing sea)
Sioux Indians
Native American group who lived on the Great Plains long before the pioneers arrived
Pawnee Indians
native Americans who lived in Teepees and hunted buffalo. they lived int he Great Plains region, one of the Great Plains Indian tribes
Pueblo Indians
lived in the Southwestern United States, built extensive irrigation systems to water their primary crop, which was corn. their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe.
Iroquios
a group of Native American peoples inhabiting the woodlands of the Northeast
Iroquois Great League of Peace
Confederation of Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas to end fighting between the groups. matrilineal society, mainly farmers (corn)
Mayas, Incas, Aztecs
The three Native American cultures that built large cities in Central or South America.
Renaissance
"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
compass
an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it, its invention allowed for a new means of navigation for sailors to explore farther distances for longer times
printing press
A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink, invented by John Gutenburg, allowed for the quick transformation of information
Spain
Country that sent explorers to claim land south and west of the Mississippi River for gold, ranching and farming
Moors
Muslims in Spain. Driven out during the Reconquista
Reconquista of Spain
Christian efforts made following the Crusades to take over Muslim lands and drive them out of Spain.
Hernan Cortés
in 1519 arrived in Tenochtitlán; with only a few hundred European men, conquered the Aztec city with superior military technology (iron weapons & gunpowder); enlisted some of the thousands of Aztec warriors; brought a smallpox epidemic that devastated Aztec society
Francisco Pizarro
conquered the great Inca kingdom centered in modern-day Peru; his tactics were typical of the conquistadores; captured the Incan king, demanded and received a ransom, and then killed the king anyway
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
marched through the Gulf region and the Southwest, fruitlessly searching for another Mexico or Peru; explored much of the interior of the continent, reaching as far north as the Great Plains, and became the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the West;
Hernando de Soto
marched through the Gulf region fruitlessly searching for another Mexico or Peru; his men tortured, raped, and enslaved countless Indians and transmitted deadly diseases
conquistadores
Spanish term for "conquerers," applied to Spanish and Portuguese soldiers who conquered lands held by indigenous peoples in central and southern America as well as the current states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California
asiento system
an agreement whereby Spain subcontracted to a foreign power the right to provide slaves to Spanish America; Britain's acquisition of this from the Dutch in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 was a major step in its rise to commercial supremacy
John Cabot
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Giovanni de Verrazano
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Jacques Cartier
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Samuel de Champlain
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Father Jacques Marquette
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Robert de la Salle
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Henry Hudson
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joint-stock company
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Father Junípero Serra
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Virginia Company
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Jamestoqn
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Captain John Smith
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John Rolfe
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Pocahontas
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royal colony
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Puritans
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Plymouth colony
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Separatists
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Pilgrims
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Mayflower
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Mayflower Compact
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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John Winthrop
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Great Migration
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Virginia House of Burgesses
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