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AP Euro - Unit 5: Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century (1648-1815)

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Louis XV (r. 1715-1774)

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Terms in this set (41)

Louis XV (r. 1715-1774)

Grandson of Louis XIV and king of France from 1715 to 1774 who led France into the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War (1710-1774).

Image: Louis XV (r. 1715-1774)

Louis XVI (r. 1774-1792)

King of France (1774-1792). In 1789, he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.

Image: Louis XVI (r. 1774-1792)

Marie Antoinette

Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular due to Austrian background, her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband.

Image: Marie Antoinette

The traditional political and social order in Europe before the French Revolution.

Estates General

A legislative body in prerevolutionary France made up of representatives of the three classes, or estates. It was called into session in 1789 for the first time since 1614.

Image: Estates General

France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution.

National Assembly

The first French revolutionary legislature, made up primarily of representatives of the third estate and a few from the nobility and clergy, in session from 1789 to 1791.

Abbe Sieyes, What is the Third Estate?

An essay written at the time when the Assembly of Notables was called. It said "What is the Third Estate? Everything. What can it do politically? Nothing. What do they want? To be Something". Since the 3rd estate were not recognized political.

Tennis Court Oath (1789)

Oath taken by representatives of the Third Estate in June 1789, in which they pledged to form a National Assembly and write a constitution limiting the powers of the king.

Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

-events erupted into revolution
-crowd gathered outside the prison
-demand weapons
-commander fired on the crowd, killing many
-mob broke through
-freeing prisoners
-fall of the Bastille challenged the existence of the ancient régime
-Revolution Begins

Great Fear of 1789

A period of panic and riot by peasants and others amid rumors of an "aristocratic conspiracy" by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)

A French feminist and reformer in the waning years of the Enlightenment who articulated the rights of women with her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791). Eventually executed during the French Revolution.

Image: Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)

Civil Constitution of the Clergy, 1790

Established by National Assembly in dealing with issue of Church. Clergy to be elected by the 50,000 electors. Protestants, Jews and agnostics could take part. Number of diocese reduced from 130 to 83 and were to be coterminous with the new departements. No papal approval of appointments was necessary. State was to pay salaries. Abuses such as pluralism were ended. Significance - many did not approve and became counterrevolutionaries. Created big division. Left the Catholic laity terrified and puzzled. Many of peasantry were still devoutly catholic and found this aspect of revolution difficult to accept.

During the French Revolution, the 1793- 1796 uprising in the Vendee, variously known as the Uprising, Insurrection, Revolt, Vendean Rebellion, or Wars in the Vendee, was the largest internal counter-revolution to the new Republic.

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