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GSU Global Issues Module 9

Terms in this set (39)

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?
1948
How many countries abstained from voting on the UDHR in 1948?
8
How many countries voted against the UDHR in 1948?
0
What was the immediate context for why the UDHR was drafted?
The terrible atrocities committed during WWII, such as the Holocaust

The horror of over 50 million dead in WWII
Prior the creation of the UDHR, what document first mentions human rights?
The Preamble to the UN Charter
What is the name of the key human rights document of the post-WWII era?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
What is the difference between a treaty and a declaration?
A treaty is a legally binding instrument whereas a declaration is a statement of principles
First-generation rights are also known as negative rights because:
They prohibit certain government action and are therefore based on the absence of government interference
What are reasons for why the U.S. didn't ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) until long after the treaty had gone into effect?
The U.S. was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism

The U.S. had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty
Which of the following is a first-generation right?
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
Which generation of human rights includes freedom of speech and assembly?
First
As discussed in the context of Uruguay, what is the role of a human rights rapporteur?
To assess progress in discovering the truth about past atrocities committed in a country

To ensure justice and compensation for survivors of human rights abuses
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is typically divided into ___________ generations, or categories:
Three
The U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1977. When did the US ratify the treaty?
1992
What are some of the examples through which globalization challenges state sovereignty?
International financial institutions can grant or withhold resources and overrule the decisions of states

MNCs can more easily move across borders and escape regulation by governments

International organized crime has become so powerful in some places that it controls territory and large segments of a state's population

Technology has made it possible to put pressure on a state by facilitating communication that goes around government restrictions
The following factors show how globalization has helped in promoting human rights:
Information technology has made it easier for human rights NGOs to communicate with their stakeholders and put greater pressure on governments to comply with human rights standards

Social media platforms have allowed people to organize even when governments try to limit free speech and assembly

Due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about human rights
Cultural relativism is based on the notion that:
Local traditions trump the rights in the UDHR

The final authority in determining for the rights of a citizenry lies with the people and their government
Sovereignty assumes:
That countries are self-governing, that they have territorial integrity, self-determination and are free from external pressures
Universalism is represented by the idea that:
Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status
Which UN organ can authorize military action to enforce human rights?
The Security Council
The International Criminal Court (ICC) is located:
In the Hague
The concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), developed by the UN, shows the growing importance of human rights by:
Putting forward the idea that states have the responsibility to intervene in situations where a state fails to protect its population from e.g. genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes

Stressing that states have the responsibility to protect their populations from e.g. genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes
In what conflict in 2011 did the UN invoke the principle of R2P (Responsibility to Protect) as justification for military intervention?
Libya
Which region has the most cases currently before the ICC:
Africa
What is the name of the idea that argues the international community has a responsibility to intervene in situations where a state fails to protect its population from genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes?
Responsibility to Protect
The International Criminal Court:
Can try cases involving crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide
Is currently investigating cases involving defendants who come mostly from African states
After the end of the Cold War, the UN created international criminal tribunals to prosecute individuals responsible for ethnic cleansing, genocidal violence and crimes against humanity in which of the following countries?
Yugoslavia

Rwanda
Which are the ways in which the UN supports human rights?
The UN promotes knowledge and public support through educating publics about human rights

The UN helps implement human rights through enforcement activities such as peacekeeping

The UN helps implement human rights through economic development

The UN helps formulate international human rights standards through treaties and declarations
Where second-generation rights require a proactive government to take action on behalf of its citizens, third-generation rights require ________________:
International cooperation

Solidarity
First-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________, whereas second-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________:
Capitalism / socialism
The difference between a negative and a positive obligation imposed on states by human rights rests on ______________________:
Whether, and how much, action a government needs to take to ensure that rights are protected
Which of the following is an example of second-generation rights?
Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work
Where first-generation rights are often associated with the rights of ________________ people, second and third-generation rights reflect the rights of ________________ people.
Individual / groups of
Which of the following are human rights NGOs?
Human Rights Watch

Amnesty International
Which of the following are examples through which technological innovations have been successfully used to promote human rights?
When a solar-powered internet network allowed villages in Uganda to get access to crop information and thus to improve their yields and incomes

When Egyptian protesters in 2011 used Twitter to publicize videos of police violence
Which of the following are some of the ways through which celebrities can affect human rights?
Using their celebrity status to raise awareness

Acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors

Founding Human Rights Organizations

Engaging in philanthropic behavior by giving money to human rights causes
Which of the following is NOT true about the role of technology in human rights?
Whether people live in developed or underdeveloped countries, technology has benefitted everyone equally

Technology can't be used for positive and negative purposes at the same time
What are some of the ways in which MNCs can promote human rights?
Through public private partnerships they can help develop the technology needed for the UN or NGOs to get more data on human rights issues

They can use their access to markets around the world as a way of building networks based on real-time data exchanges, allowing the UN faster response time during emergencies
While NGOs do not have official membership status at the UN, they do have important influence through their close cooperation with _______________:
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
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