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environmental health and infectious disease

Terms in this set (41)

toxicology
The basic science that studies the health effects associated with chemical exposures.​
contaminated water
In Haiti, ______is the leading cause of infant mortality and illness in children.
hepatitis, cholera, and chronic diarrhea
Germs for_______ are carried in water used for cooking and drinking.
contaminated with human waste
Nearly every water source in Haiti has become__________ because of the absence of a sewage sanitation system.​
haiti
_______now has the highest infant mortality rate in the western hemisphere.
water borne gastorintestinal diseases
The Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) reported that more than half of all deaths in Haiti were due to...
industrial revolution
In the US, a larger problem developed during the Industrial Revolution.
children
who are the most vulnerable/susceptible population?
resistance
the ability of the host to withstand infection​
natural immunity
innate ability to resist an infection​
acquired immunity
resistance as a result of previous natural exposure​
passive immunity
immunization through transfer of a specific antibody (antibody transfer from other to baby)​
active immunity
protection by administration of an antigen​
herd immunity
refers to the immunity of a group​
infectiousness
a measure of the potential ability of an infected host to transmit an infection​
vertical
parent to offspring (mode of transmission)
horizontal
person to person spread (mode of transmission)
common vehicle
peanut butter
incubation period
time interval between invasion and onset of symptoms​
communicable period
period of time that you are capable of spreading the disease​
epidemic
occurrence of a disease in excess of what you would normally see​
pandemic
an epidemic occurring worldwide​
surveillance
gathering data as to who, when, where, and what​
disease surveillance
the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of specific health data for use in public health
nurses
are often in the forefront of responses to be made in the surveillance process.​
elimination
to remove a disease from a large geographic area​
eradication
irreversible termination of all transmission of infection​
nosocomial infection
Acquired during hospitalization or developed within a hospital setting
good handwashing
best prophylaxis
HIV/AIDS
has become one of the world's greatest public health challenges ​
hepatitis A
Most often transmitted through the fecal-oral route; sources may be water, food, or sexual contact; often silent in children
Hepatitis B
Spread through blood and body fluids; can survive at room temperature for at least 1 week
hepatitis C
Spread through blood or body fluids​
Most common chronic bloodborne infection in the U.S.; leading cause of chronic liver disease, end-stage liver disease, liver cancer, and liver transplants in the U.S.​
tuberculosis
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis​
Transmitted by airborne droplets​
Causes pulmonary symptoms and wasting​
One & Two Step Mantoux testing (aka PPD testing)- boosting for anergy
direct observed therapy
Used when patient non-compliance is suspected​
Ensures ongoing medication regimen​
Helps prevent drug-resistant disease
chlamydia
Infection of the urethra and cervix​
Oftentimes asymptomatic​
"silent STD"
genital herpes
Viral​
Attacks genitals and sacral nerve​
Presents with visible lesions -vesicles to ulcerations
genital warts
Viral​
Cauliflower-like growths​
Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)​
Linked to cervical cancer
gonorrhea
Bacteria​
Causes inflammation of urethra and cervix​
Dysuria​
Can also be asymptomatic
pelvic inflammatory disease
Infections in the reproductive organs, fallopian tubes, endometrium​
Can result in infertility​
S&S include: vaginal discharge, urinary frequency, vomiting, fever, ​
Usually results from untreated gonorrhea or chlamydia
syphilis
Bacterial causation​
Characterized by lesions or chancres​
Relapses are common
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