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AP Euro - Unit 9: Cold War and Contemporary Europe (1914-Present)

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Cold War (1945-1991)

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Terms in this set (60)

Cold War (1945-1991)

A war of words and threats between the United States and the Soviet Union that was marked primarily by a political and economic, rather than military, struggle between the two nations.

Displaced Persons

Postwar refugees, including 13 million Germans, former Nazi prisoners and forced laborers, and orphaned children.

Truman Doctrine

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey.

Marshall Plan (1947)

American plan for providing economic aid to western Europe to help it rebuild.

Image: Marshall Plan (1947)

Economic Miracle

Term contemporaries used to describe rapid economic growth, often based on the consumer sector, in post-World War II western Europe.

Christian Democrats

Center-right political parties that rose to power in western Europe after the Second World War.

Common Market (EEC)

The European Economic Community, created by six western and central European countries in the West Bloc in 1957 as a part of a larger search for European unity.

Brezhnev Doctrine

Doctrine created by Leonid Brezhnev that held that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any East Bloc country when necessary to preserve Communist rule.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Military alliance created in 1949 made up of 12 non-Communist countries including the United States that support each other if attacked.

Image: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)

an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world mean to rebuild East Bloc countries under Soviet auspices.

Image: COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)

Warsaw Pact (1955)

Soviet-backed military alliance of East Bloc Communist countries in Europe

Image: Warsaw Pact (1955)

Socialist Realism

Artistic movement that followed the dictates of Communist ideals, enforced by state control in the Soviet Union and East Bloc countries in the 1950s and 1960s.

Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971)

Premier of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1964. He was a Communist Party official who emerged from the power struggle after Stalin's death in 1953 to lead the USSR. As Soviet premier, he notably renounced Stalin's brutality in 1956, the same year that he crushed a pro-Western uprising in Hungary. In 1958, he issued an ultimatum for Western evacuation
People of Berlin, from which he backed down a year later. He defended Soviet-style economic planning in the Kitchen Debate with American Vice President Richard Nixon in 1959, and attempted to send missiles to Cuba in 1962 but backed down when confronted by John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

de-Stalinization

The liberalization of the post-Stalin Soviet Union led by reformer Nikita Khrushchev.

The postwar reversal of Europe's overseas expansion caused by the rising demand of the colonized peoples themselves, the declining power of European nations, and the freedoms promised by U.S. and Soviet ideals.

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Marshall Plan (1947)