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religon exam

Terms in this set (109)

Both Jews and Christians must adhere to...

both tables of the law

the table of the law are the

basic content of the 10 commandments

right belief/worship

right practice/ethics

Religious community challenged and _______________ by political order (which supports one or more other religions or none)

Religious community accepted or ________________ by political order (as one among many or as subordinate to a state-sanctioned religion)

Religious community supported or ________________ by political order (which is or is not tolerant of other religions)

religious and political leadership are one and the same

nonsectarian merging of sacred and national symbols as a means of promoting group cohesion

ex: God bless America

"instruction"/legislation

How many commandments are there in the Torah?

How many prescriptions are the commandments divided into?

How many proscriptions are the commandments divided into?

the good impulse

the bad/evil impulse

Job, Daniel, Esther, Ruth

Who are the narratives starring moral heroes in the Ketuvim?

proverbs and ecclesiastes

In the Ketuvim, the wisdom literature urges attitudes that lead to righteousness behavior. This can be seen in the book of ?

collection of Oral Torah edited 200 CE

Babylonian Talmud

aka "the Talmud" edited ca. 500 CE

Legal codes were made, especially by ______________ and Joseph Karo

rabbinic legal rulings from middle ages to the present

the process of "return" to good graces

Greco-Roman influence (ca. 300 BCE - 650 CE)

north-central European influence

8th-13th century Iberian influence

... "Secular"... "Western"—most are of Ashkenazic decent

a blend of all of the " Jewish languages ", plus an element of Zionism

a nation is led by

a liturgical community is led by

A state is led by

disciple community led by

The modern state of Israel was created by

United Nations in 1947-48

nationalist and political movement of Jews and Jewish culture to reestablish a homeland in the territory historically known as Israel

Messianic expectations

- some jews expect and work toward the reestablishment of a literal Davidic rulership centered in Jerusalem, accompanied by the rebuilding of the Temple and the rebirth of the priestly avodah

- others have a more modernized and metaphorical hope for an uncontested nation of Israel that acts as a model state among global powers - a "blessing to the nations"

Jews given rights of Roman citizenship in

"Leader of the Fatherland"

head of the exiles

Exilarch and rabbinic academy heads became known as _________ or "Pride"

Babylonian Talmud compiled

under Exilarchate

Reformation and modern periods saw the rise and climax of______________ in "Christian" Europe

the extermination of around 6 million Jews

"whole burnt offering" in Leviticus

The term "holocaust" derives from the

Liberation Theology

developed in the 1960s explicitly placed moral action as a check on Christian doctrine

Gustavo Gutiérrez

defines a theology of liberation as "critical reflection on historical praxis"

The Great Commandments

MATTHEW 22: 34-40 ; shows the relationship between orthodoxy and orthopraxy in Christianity

"love"; only ethical teaching in all of the Gospel of John

How many times is agape (love) mention in the New Testament?

(non-Jewish) converts

as opposing force of Christian morality

dying for one's faith rather than submit to the idolatrous demands of the state; Derives from Greek word meaning "witness"

virginity and celibacy

high value placed on _________________, which became required for clerics and monastics

originally a solitary state of withdrawing completely from "the world"

jeopardize salvation and require confession to a priest and penance

minor offences, not requiring confession

a realm of moral purgation and perfecting after death before one can enter heaven

3 theological virtues

Faith
Hope
Love

pride, envy, greed, anger, lust, gluttony, sloth

Recovery of ________

Science of ____________

"Wesleyan Quadrilateral":

1) Scripture
2) Tradition
3) Reason
4) Experience

large part of the Christian justification for the use of material objects for worship purposes

finitum capax infinity

"the finite is capable of the infinite"; revealed through The World becoming flesh

icons and relics

The sacraments and their physical elements

stylized 2-dimensional images of holy persons which connected the worshiper to the person imaged

the remains of holy persons or objects/clothing that came into contact with that person or other relics

Second Council of Nicaea (787 CE)—

specified the type of honor that could be given to saints and their relics and icons

(Greek: proskynesis; dulia) honor due to someone of higher rank;

(Greek: latreia [or latria]) worship due only to God

"image smashing"

Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press (ca. 1540)

The Reformation got a huge bump with

Index of Forbidden Books

Without much control over what congregants could purchase and read, the Roman Catholic Church, for example, greatly expanded it's?

Constantine issues the Edict of Milan

Theodosius makes Christianity the religion of the eastern Roman Empire

Much of Europe and the surrounding areas from about the 4th to 18th centuries is often called ______________to indicate various forms of political, military, and cultural

generally had relative freedom to worship in Christendom, especially in light of biblical passages like Romans 9-11

a form of rulership that is at once secular (Caesar) and religious (papal)

denied papal supremacy, but ironically increased the authority of their churches in state matters within many Protestant-controlled territories, creating a local theocracy

Cuius regio, eius religio

"whoever's region, his religion"

the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)

understood to show this church-state model to be untenable

The Enlightenment

"separation of church and state"

Evolutionary biology, feminism, contraception, abortion, gay (and other LGBT) rights

conservative religious groups often critique and protest various cultural developments and practices that are at odds with their beliefs

Islamic/Arabic term for ethics

"Enjoin the good and forbid the evil"

Ethics in Islam may be summarized by the Quranic axiom, meaning

"Enjoining the good" in Islam, then, is mostly about knowing and obeying God's revealed commands in the form of .....

In terms of fulfilling this moral "duty," Islamic ethics are mainly _________ or "DUTY BASED"

1. : "obligatory"; "absolutely required"

2. : "recommended"

3. : "permissible"

(cf. ḥalāl as antonym of ḥarām)

4. : "reprehensible"

5. : "forbidden"

i. ḥarām
ii. ḥarīm
iii. iḥram

all actions are judged in light of one's intention

natural/God-given human ability to distinguish right from wrong; ensures human moral responsibility

non-personified notion of the "demonic" or social and psychological dynamics that oppose God

Arabic term often translated as "reverential fear"

submission" (islam) and "peace" (salam)

bear the same s-l-m root

authoritative doctrines (iman) and duties (ibada)

many forms of cultural expression all radiate from a shared, uniform core of

Together, (authoritative doctrines (iman) and duties (ibada)) these doctrines and practices make up the

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