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FINAL A&P study guide, Ch 15 The Special Senses Ear, Ch 15 The Special Senses (eyeball), ch 14 the Autonomic Nervous System
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Describe the ANS
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innervate smooth and cardiac muscles and glands; make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body cavities; operate via subconscious control
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lsneed17
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Describe the ANS
innervate smooth and cardiac muscles and glands; make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body cavities; operate via subconscious control
both the ANS and somatic nervous system have motor fibers, but differ in:
-effectors
-efferent pathways and ganglia
-target ____ responses to ____
effectors
efferent pathways and ganglia
organ, neurotransmitters
in the somatic nervous system:
all somatic motor neurons release ____ (ACh)
acetylcholine
somatic nervous system's effect is ____ ____
always stimulatory
ANS preganglionic fibers release
ACh
ANS postganglionic fibers release
norepinephrine or ACh
ANS's effect is ___ or ___
stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on type of receptors
Describe the three ways that sympathetic preganglionic fibers follow once they enter the sympathetic trunk.
1st- synapse in trunk ganglion at the same level
2nd- synapse in trunk ganglion at a higher or lower level
3rd-pass through sympathetic trunk to synapse in a collateral ganglion anterior to the vertebral column
Which cranial nerves give rise to the preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic division?
oculomotor III, facial VII, glossopharyngeal IX, Vagus X
explain dual innervation
both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation (cause opposite effects)
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