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COPD

Terms in this set (6)

COPD
A group of chronic respiratory disorders characterized by obstruction of airflow.
COPD
Although each of the disorders (chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma) may occur individually, it is more common for two or more problems to coexist and the symptoms to overlap (most commonly bronchitis and emphysema).
Clinical manifestations of COPD
1. Distended neck veins, ankle edema.
2. Orthopnea or tripod positioning, barrel chest.
3. Prolonged expiratory time, pursed-lip breathing.
4. Diminished breath sounds.
5. Thorax is hyperrosonant to percussion.
6. Extertional dyspnea progressing to dyspnea at rest.
7. Increased respiratory rate.
Emphysema
Primarily a problem with the alveoli characterized by a loss of alveolar elasticity, over distention, and destruction, with severe impairment of gas exchange across the alveolar membrane.
Clinical manifestations emphysema
1. Cough is not common.
2. Sensation of air hunger.
3. Use of accessory muscles of respiration.
4. Anorexia with weight loss, thin in appearance.
5. In general, no cardiac enlargement; cor pulmonale occurs late in disease; decreased PaO2 with activity.
6. ABGs are often normal until late in disease.
7. Characteristic tripod position- leaning forward with arms braced on knees.
Chronic Bronchitis
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