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Psych 265 exam 2 FINAL REVIEW

Terms in this set (53)

Which of the following will work BEST to reverse alcohol intoxication?
time for the liver to metabolize the alcohol
Kidney failure is the primary cause of death from sudden sniffing death syndrome.
false
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of caffeinism?
excessive sleep
Which of the following does NOT constitute a standard drink equivalent of alcohol?
12 oz Red Bull energy drink
Overdose with gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) causes all of the following EXCEPT
high blood pressure
Methamphetamine, also known as speed on the streets, is a Schedule I controlled
substance.
false
Excessive nitrous oxide (N2O) inhaled from a balloon at a rock concert can potentially
produce which of the following negative effects?
dissociation from mind and body
loss of motor function
unconsciousness
What is the percentage of alcohol in 100-proof Smirnoff Vodka?
50%
Nitrosoamines in cigarettes contribute primarily to which of the following conditions?
lung cancer
What is the mechanism of psychoactive action of cocaine?
inhibiting neuronal reuptake of dopamine into nerve terminals
Ethanol acts as a ________ for GABAA receptors.
positive modulator
Caffeine overdose fatalities have generally been due to cardiac arrhythmias.
true
Which of the following is NOT a sign of disulfiram-induced mal rouge?
sensation of cold
Withdrawal from amphetamines will result in all of the following signs EXCEPT
psychomotor overstimulation
Non-tobacco users often report negative experiences when using nicotine; however,
chronic users report positive experiences.
true
A male undergraduate student is not a regular drinker but, during fraternity rush week, he
has to drink five shots of vodka in 30 minutes. This can be considered ________ drinking
binge
Nearly 90% of caffeine-dependent individuals exhibit which of the following
characteristics?
craving for caffeine
Amphetamine increases blood pressure and heart rate by which of these mechanisms?
stimulating the neuronal release of norepinephrine
Which of the following toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption does NOT occur in the
liver?
pancreatitis
Which of the following is NOT an acute pharmacological effect of nicotine?
decreased heart rate and blood pressure
Cocaine is NOT characterized by which of the following?
clinically used in treatment of narcolepsy
If you drink on a full stomach, the presence of food slows the absorption of alcohol and
prolongs exposure to alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes in the GI tract.
true
After taking an oral dose of GHB, an individual is unable to keep his balance while
standing on one foot. This is due to _______.
inhibition of neuronal activity in the cerebellum
With chronic consumption of caffeine, tolerance develops to all the following effects
EXCEPT
changes in cardiovascular activity
Chronic heavy alcohol use diminishes absorption of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), which can
potentially result in which of the following disorders?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is both an endogenous neurotransmitter as well as an
exogenous pharmaceutical drug.
true
Which of the following central effects of stimulants is due to the activation of dopamine
receptors by dopamine?
increased confidence
Alcohol activates the brain's reward center by stimulating release of an opioid peptide
which prevents neuronal release of GABA which, in turn, disinhibits the release of
dopamine.
true
Acute nicotine acts as an agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors but later acts as an
antagonist because of ________.
long-lasting depolarization of the membrane potential
Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase would be expected to ________.
prolong the positive effects of alcohol
Chronic occupational exposure to nitrous oxide may potentially inhibit biochemical
metabolism by interfering with Vitamin B12.
true
Caffeine and other methylxanthines such as theophylline and theobromine work through
which of the following mechanisms?
blockade of adenosine receptors
Long-term use of methamphetamine causes accelerated aging because it increases
________.
production of ceramide which speeds up cellular metabolism
The enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde
false
If someone is running around a room feeling excited and euphoric after using an inhalant,
he is probably in which stage of inhalant intoxication?
Stage 1
Ethanol acts as a ________ for glutamate-sensitive NMDA receptors.
negative modulator
The main reason that bodybuilders are attracted to GHB is ostensibly because, during
deep sleep, the drug increases ________.
growth hormone production to promote skeletal muscle growth and repair
Cocaine freebase, also known as crack, is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance.
false
What is the practice called if a user deeply inhales vapors from a toluene-soaked cloth
placed directly over the mouth and nose?
huffing
The son of a chronic alcoholic father engages in heavy drinking at a young age, has poor
impulse control and is often in trouble for criminal behavior. This pattern is consistent with
which of the following conditions?
type II alcohol addiction
Which polymorphism scenario would result in the MOST severe alcoholic flush reaction?
fast ADH, slow ALDH2
An increased seizure risk from repeated withdrawals from chronic alcohol use is called
________.
kindling
Which of the following statements about nicotine is NOT correct?
Nicotine is metabolized to nitrosamine by the liver and lungs.
Reversible drug-induced dementia is more popularly known as ________.
blackout
Why do some people use cocaine while consuming alcohol?
The combination produces the metabolite cocaethylene, which has greater
rewarding properties than either drug alone.
Alcohol is an example of hormesis, which means ________.
beneficial effects produced by low doses of a toxic substance
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a Schedule I controlled substance, but its derivative,
sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate, is approved for treatment of ______.
narcolepsy
In binge drinking, metabolism of ethanol increases due to ________ kinetics.
first-order
At higher concentrations, what property does cocaine possess that amphetamines do not?
blockade of sodium (Na+) channels
Alcohol inhibits the L-type calcium channel to inhibit vasopressin release, resulting in
________.
increased urination
Which of the following statements about synthetic cathinones is NOT correct?
Their acute toxic effects include sedation, confusion and respiratory depression.
The MOST likely factor in an acute smoker becoming a chronic smoker is ________.
development of tolerance to the pleasurable effects of nicotine
It has been three days since G.S. had his last drink of distilled spirits. He is profoundly
disoriented and very confused. He perspires profusely and has the shakes. His blood
pressure is high; his heart rate is high and erratic. He seems to be seeing things that aren't
there but shows no signs of convulsions. Which of the following conditions is MOST
consistent with this scenario?
major alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens)
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