Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Iggy; Ch 50 - Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal Problems

Terms in this set (40)

Osteoporosis
chronic metabolic disease in which bone loss causes decreased density and possible fx
Osteopenia
low bone mass
BMD
bone marrow density
Osteoporosis patho
osteoclastic activity > osteoblastic activity,
T-score of osteoporosis
at or lower than -2.5
T-score of osteopenia
-1
Osteoporosis classifications (2)
generalized, regional
Primary osteoporosis
occurs in postmenopausal women and in men in their 7th/8th decade of life
Secondary osteoporosis
results from medical conditions, long-term drug therapy
Regional osteoporosis
secondary, occurs when a limb is immobilized r/t fx, injury, paralysis
Osteoporosis etiology
genetic, lifestyle, environment, nutrition, calcium loss, protein deficiency, excessive alcohol/tobacco use
Age when peak bone mass is achieved (women)
30
Osteoporosis assessment
fall risk, height, weight, back pain, movement, concept of body image
Most common type of osteoporotic fx is caused by
back pain accompanied by tenderness and voluntary restriction of spinal movement suggests one or more compression vertebral fractures
Fallophobia
fear of falling
Osteoporosis diagnostic test
no definitive test, serum calcium, vitamin D levels, urinary calcium levels, DXA, pQUS
DXA
dual x-ray absorptiometry
pQUS
peripheral quantitative ultrasound
Osteoporosis interventions
nutritional therapy, exercise, ROM, lifestyle changes, drug therapy
Osteoporosis medical tx
calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, bisphosphates, estrogen agonist/antagonists
Osteoporosis drugs used to tx
calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, alendronate, ibandronate, risedronae, zoledronic acid, raloxifene
Osteonecrosis
avascular necrosis, bone death
Osteomalacia
loss of bone related to a vitamin D deficiency, causes softening of the bones
Vitamin D deficiency causes
rickets
Osteomalacia etiology
inadequate vitamin D production, lack of sunlight, dietary deficiency, abnormal metabolism, drug therapy, liver/renal disease, inadequte absorption, IBD
Osteomalacia is most common in (places)
less affluent nations, countries where famine is common
Osteomalacia assessment
history of chronic disease/renal/liver disfunction, muscle weakness, bone pain, muscle strength, gait
Who is at greatest risk for osteomalacia
homebound or chronically institutionalized older adult, dark skinned people
Paget's disease aka
osteitis deformans
Paget's disease patho
chronic metabolic disorder in which bone is excessively broken down and re-formed
Paget's disease patho phases
active, mixed, inactive
Osteomyelitis
infection in bony tissue
Osteomyelitis patho
pathogen invasion, tissue inflammation, edema, decreased blood flow to bone, bone necrosis, bone abscess
Osteomyelitis classification
exogenous (infections enter from outside)
Acute osteomyelitis clinical manifestations
fever, swelling, erythema, tenderness, bone pain
Chronic osteomyelitis clinical manifestations
foot ulcer, sinus tract formation, localized pain, drainage
Osteomyelitis assessment
fever, pain, circulation, swelling, WBC level
Osteomyelitis med tx.
antiicrobial therapy, analgesics, hyperbaric chamber
Dupuytren's Contracture
deformity, slowly progressive thickening of the palmar fascia resulting in flexion contracture of the fourth and fifth fingers of the hand
Ganglion
round, benign cyst often found on the wrist/foot joint/tendon
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...