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zKey People- AP PSYCH

Terms in this set (24)

Wilhelm Wundt
History
- established first psych lab in Leipzig, Germany (1879)
- founder of structuralism
- introspection
William James
History
- founder of functionalism
- pioneering American psychologist
- published first psych textbook
Ivan Pavlov
Learning/Behavioral
- classical conditioning (dog, saliva, bell)
Sigmund Freud
Personality
- emphasis on unconscious motivation (sexual, aggressive)
- founder of psychoanalysis (therapy)
- 4 stage psychosexual theory of personality development (oral, anal, phallic, genital)
- dream interpretation, free association
- defense mechanisms
Alfred Binet
Intelligence
- creator of first intelligence test w/ Theodore Simon (1905)
Edward Thorndike
Learning/Behavioral
- law of effect (provided basis for behaviorism)
John Watson
Learning/Behavioral
- founder of behaviorism
- Little Albert (fear white rats)
Jean Piaget
Developmental
- 4 stage theory of cognitive development (sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational)
Benjamin Whorf
Cognition (Language)
- Whorf's hypothesis (language influences cognition
Erik Erikson
Development
- 8 stage theory of psychosocial development (conflicts that yield certain personality characteristics, depending on resolution)
Carl Rogers
Therapy
- humanistic psychology
- client/person-centered therapy (unconditional positive regard)
B.F. Skinner
Learning/Behavioral
- operant conditioning
- reinforcement theory (skinner box- rats and lever pressing)
Harry Harlow
Development
- attachment styles among monkeys (fake mothers)
Solomon Asch
Social
Conformity (line length study)
Abraham Maslow
Motivation/Emotion Therapy
- humanistic psychologist
- hierarchy of psychological needs (self-actualization)
Mary Ainsworth
Development
- attachment styles
- "stranger situation" (infants and strangers)
Stanley Schacter
Motivation/Emotion
- two-factor theory of emotion
Albert Bandura
Learning
- social learning theory/modeling
- bobo doll study
Lawrence Kohlberg
Development
- 3 stage theory of moral development (preconventional, conventional, postconventional)
Noam Chomsky
Cognition (language)
- nativism: innate, universal grammar
- critical period for language development
Stanley Milgram
Social
- obedience to authority (deliver shocks to learner)
Phil Zimbardo
Social
- stanford prison experiment (importance of social roles)
Howard Gardner
Intelligence
- theory of multiple intelligences
Elizabeth Loftus
Cognition (Memory)
- unreliability of eyewitness testimony
- memory as active construction
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