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Ch. 2 Balancing Liberty and Order

Terms in this set (29)

French and Indian War
a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by indian tribes)
boycott
a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies
Boston Massacre
The first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five americans
First Continental Congress
Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston
Revolutionary War
A war between the British and the colonists. The colonists wanted to be free of British rule.
Declaration of Independence
the document recording the proclamation of the Second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
patriotism
love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
Articles of Confederation
a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states
democracy
government by the people
republic
a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote.
United States Constitution
1787, Continental Congress made a constitution after Articles of Confederation failed; It included a central government divided into three branches (president, Senate, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court) and controlled by checks and balances. The Bill of Rights were ten amendments to the new constitution that guaranteed rights of freedom to citizens; made a national gov't that controlled taxes, army, trade, and currency.
federal system of government
a system in which power is shared among state and national authorities
separation of powers
the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
checks and balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Federalists
supporters of the constitution
anti-Federalists
people who opposed the Constitution
Bill of RIghts
a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)
administration
the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something
strict construction
way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take
loose construction
belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit
political party
an organization to gain political power
Marbury v. Madison
established concept of judicial review, first time supreme court declared something 'unconstitutional'
judicial review
review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court
Louisiana Purchase
The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size.
embargo
a government order imposing a trade barrier
War of 1812
War between the U.S. and Great Britain which lasted until 1814, ending with the Treaty of Ghent and a renewed sense of American nationalism
depression
a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
Missouri Compromise
an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
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