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AP Psychology Review: Important Names to Know

Terms in this set (23)

Wilhelm Wundt
(1832-1920)
History
• Established first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany (1879)
• Founder of structuralism
• Introspection
William James
(1842-1910)
History
• Founder of functionalism
• Pioneering American psychologist
o Published 1st psychology text
Ivan Pavlov
(1849-1936)
Learning
• Classical conditioning (dogs & saliva)
Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
Personality, clinical
• Emphasis on unconscious motivations (sexual, aggressive)
• Founder of psychoanalysis (therapy)
• 4 stage psychosexual theory of personality development
o Oral, anal, phallic, genital
• Dream interpretation, free association
• Defense mechanisms
Alfred Binet
(1857-1911)
Intelligence
• Creator of first intelligence test with Theodore Simon (1905)
Edward Thorndike
(1874-1949)
Learning
• Law of Effect
o Provided basis for behaviorism
John Watson
(1896-1958)
Learning
• Founder of behaviorism
• Little Albert
Jean Piaget
(1896-1980)
Developmental
• 4 stage theory of cognitive development
o Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Benjamin Whorf
(1897-1941)
Cognition (language)
• Whorf's hypothesis
o Language influences cognition
Erik Erikson
(1902-1994)
Developmental
• 8 stage theory of psychosocial development
o Conflicts that yield certain personality characteristics, depending on resolution
Carl Rodgers
(1902-1987)
Therapy
• Humanistic psychology
• Client-centered (person-centered) therapy
o Unconditional positive regard
B.F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
Learning
• Operant conditioning
• Reinforcement theory
o Skinner box (rats & lever pressing)
Harry Harlow
(1905-1981)
Developmental
• Attachment styles among monkeys (fake mothers)
Soloman Asch
(1907-1996)
Social
• Conformity
o Line Length study
Abraham Maslow
(1908-1970)
Motivation & Emotion; Therapy
• Humanistic psychologist
• Hierarchy of psychological needs
o Self-actualization
Mary Ainsworth
(1913-1999)
Stanley Schachter
(1922-Present)
Developmental; Motivation & Emotion
• Attachment styles
• "Strange situation": infants & strangers
• Two-factor theory of emotion
Albert Bandura
(1925-Present)
Learning
• Social learning theory/modeling
• Bobo doll study
Lawrence Kohlberg
(1927-1987)
Developmental
• 3 stage theory of moral development
- preconventional, conventional,
postconventional
Noam Chomsky
(1928-Present)
Cognition(language)
• nativism: innate, universal grammar
• critical period for language development
Stanley Milgram
(1933-1984)
Social
• Obedience to authority
o Deliver shocks to learner
Phil Zimbardo
(1933-Present)
Social
• Stanford Prison Experiment
o Importance of social roles
Howard Gardner
(1943-Present)
Intelligence
• Theory of multiple intelligences
Elizabeth Loftus
(1944-Present)
Congnition(memory)
• Unreliability of eyewitness testimony
• Memory as active construction
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