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Terms in this set (90)

how long can human go without water intake?
7-10 days
70 percent of world is covered in water but only ____ percent of it is fresh
2.5
in essence only ____ percent of the planets water is available to fuel and feed us
.007
average US water use a day
2,220 gpd
what is the main consumer of fresh water?
Agriculture
roots of plumbing
babylon 4-5000 BCE. squatting over holes in floor to fall into cesspool
two important developments that came with the romans
understanding the need for a water supply system AND the need to handle human waste
plumbum use
lead sheets to fold into pipes by romans for hot springs bath around 60 AD
cholera
terrible and at times fatal disease beginning in indian subcontinent in 1817 . diarrhea and vomiting
cholera treatment
replacement of fluids with intravenous solutions
Edwin Chadwick
enlisted to develop solution with cholera plague
Nuisances Removal and Contagious Diseases Prevention ACt of 1848
initiated transition in waste removal, requiring a newer and more extensive sewer system
Edwin Chadwicks project result
all waste going into thames river and still contaminating everyone
Dr. John Snow
researched what was really cause of outbreak and traced it to the street pump
first model plumbing code to be followed world-wide
English Public Health COde of 1848
Chicago 1883
national association of master plumbers met to standardize plumbing codes
fundamental role of any modern plumbing code
provide a prescriptive life-safety code governing the methods and materials to be used in residential and commercial plumbing systems
International council code
was outcome from several of the competing code organizations combining in the early 2000's
what was cholera traced to
cross contamination of drinking water and sewage
IRC chapter 25-33
specifific code requirements related to residential water and sanitary drainage
The building sewer shall be tested by insertion of a test plug at the point of connection with the public sewer and filling the building sewer with water, testing with not less than....
....a 10-foot head of water and be able to maintain such pressure for 15 minutes.
DWV systems tested upon completion of rough-in by water or for metal piping systems, by air with no evidence of leakage. Either test applied to....
....the entire drainage system or in sections
Water test. Section filled with water to minimum of 10 feet above the highest fitting connection in that section, or to....
highest point in the completed system
Water test. Water must hold in the section under test for....
a period of 15 minutes. No leaks? Passes!
who's preference(air or water) do you check with for air pressure test on a plumbing drain piping system
AHJ
Water tightness. Each fixture filled and then drained. Traps and fixture connections shall be proven water tight by...
...visual inspection
Gas tightness. When required by the local AHJ, a final test for gas tightness of the DWV system shall be made by....
the smoke or pepperment test
Smoke test. When smoke appears at vent terminals, terminals shall be sealed and a pressure equivalent to a 1-inch water column applied and maintained for a test period of....
not less than 15 minutes.
Peppermint test. Introduce 2 ounces of oil of peppermint into the system. Add 10 quarts of hot water and seal all vent terminals. The odor of peppermint...
shall not be detected at any trap or point in the system
upon completion, water supply system will be tested under a water pressure of...
not less than the working pressure of the system

pressure held for not less than 15 minutes
for piping systems other than plastic by an air test..
of not less than 50 psi

pressure held for not less than 15 minutes
the water tests shall be obtained from...
a potable water source
what is a ball valve used for
isolation
Inspections shall be made of all backflow prevention assemblies to determine...
whether they are operable
Reduced pressure principle, double check, double check detector and pressure vacuum breaker backflow preventer assemblies shall be tested at ...
the time of installation, immediately after repairs or relocation and at least annually
why are backflow preventers required in the code?
Cholera! We do not want any possibility of a cross-connection between domestic water supply and the sanitary drainage system
3 common types of backflow preventers

double backflow preventer
at water service entrance
3 common types of backflow preventers

check valves
at hose bibs
3 common types of backflow preventers

vacuum breakers
at exterior landscape irrigation systems
other potential cross-connections
hose bubs, lawn irrigation, jacuzzis, swimming pools, toilet ball-cocks(fill valves)
If a building has plumbing fixtures installed, the water supply and DWV system must be connected to...
a public water supply or sewer system, if available
When either are not available, or connection to them is not feasible,...
an individual water supply or individual (private) sewage-disposal system, or both, shall be provided.
Cutting and notching of flanges and lips of load-bearing members of cold-formed steel light-frame construction shall...
not be permitted
notches cannot be located
in the middle third of member span
notch maximum of
1/6 depth of member
no hole within...
2 inches of top or bottom
max diameter of the hole is
1/3 depth
end notches no larger than
1/4 member depth
In concealed locations, where piping other than cast-iron or galvanized steel, is installed through holes or notches in wooden studs, joists, rafters, etc., less than 1-1/2 inches from the nearest edge of the member...
he pipe shall be protected by steel shield plates
Such shield plates shall have a thickness of not less than
16 gage
Plates shall cover the area of the pipe where the member is notched or bored, and shall extend
not less than 2 inches above sole plates and below top plates.
Pipes passing through concrete or cinder walls and floors, steel framing or other corrosive material shall be protected against
reaction from lime and acid of concrete, cinder or other corrosive material.
Sheathing or wrapping shall allow for movement including expansion and contraction of piping. The wall thickness of material shall be not less than
.025 inches
As that pipe moves (warming/cooling cycles) there is potential for
abrasian damage
Also, copper has a high dielectric constant and will "attack" the steel in the rebar. This will lead to
corrosion in the rebar
To ensure alignment and prevent sagging, and allow movement associated with
the expansion and contraction of the piping system.
Piping in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for
its entire length
Hangers and anchors shall be of sufficient strength to maintain their proportional share of the weight of pipe and contents and of sufficient width to prevent
distortion to the pipe
Annular spaces created by pipes penetrating fire-resistance-rated assemblies or membranes of such assemblies shall be sealed or closed in
accordance with the building portion of this code.
fire stopping in commercial applications can be either
mechanical or material based
roof and exterior wall penetrations shall be made..
water tight
Joints at the roof, around vent pipes, shall be made water tight by the use of
lead, copper or galvanized iron flashings or an approved elastomeric material.
purple is used for
municipally reclaimed water, rainwater and graywater distribution systems
A potable water supply system shall be designed and installed as to prevent contamination from
non-potable liquids, solids or gases being introduced into the potable water supply.
Cross-connections between an individual water supply and a potable public water supply shall be
prohibited
The minimum air gap shall be measured vertically from the lowest end of a water supply outlet to
the flood level rim of the fixture or receptor into which such potable water outlets discharge.
An air gap is required at the
discharge point of a relief valve or piping
Air gap devices shall be incorporated in dishwashing
and clothes washing appliances
Static water pressure at the building entrance for either public or private water service shall be not less than
40 psi
static water pressure shall not be greater than
80 psi
When main pressure exceeds 80 psi,
an approved pressure-reducing valve shall be installed on the domestic water branch main.
1 ft of head (water column) has about
.5 psi
size of water service pipe shall not be less than
3/4 inch diameter
The size of water service mains, branch mains and risers shall be determined according to
water supply demand [gpm], pressure [psi] and friction loss caused by the water meter and developed length of pipe [feet], including equivalent length of fittings
the load water demand is based on
supply fixture units (SFU)
Hunter curve
can convert SFU into gallons per minute
If installed parallel with a sewage pipe in the same trench, you must adhere to the dimensions shown
for cross contamination prevention

12 inches above and to side
galvanized wrought-iron or galvanized steel pipe shall not be used
underground and shall be maintained not less than 6 inches above ground
The load on DWV system piping shall be computed in terms of
drainage fixture unit (DFU) values in accordance with Table
what else sizes sewage piping with DFU
slope
Cleanouts shall be liquid and gas tight. Cleanout plugs shall be
brass or plastic
Cleanouts shall be installed not more than 100 feet apart in horizontal drainage lines measured from
the upstream of the cleanout
When installed in underground drains, cleanouts shall be extended vertically to or above
finished grade either inside or outside the building.
requirements for a cleanout at
any change of direction or in any maximum straight length of 100 feet
who is THE authority
the AHJ
invert elevation
It is the elevation (think surveying), below grade, of the bottom of the inside of the pipe
rainfall frequency rain
2 - 100 years
Q=CxIxA
Q- water flow in cubic ft per second

C-runoff coefficient 0-1.0

I-rainfall intensity, inches/hour

A-drainage area in acres
pavemement runoff coefficiecnt
.9
park runoff coefficient
.18
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