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epi final vocab

Terms in this set (111)

intervention studies
investigation involving intentional change in some aspect of the status of the subjects. includes clinical and community trials
clinical trial
A scientifically controlled study of the safety and effectiveness of a therapeutic agent (as a drug or vaccine) using consenting human subjects. also it involves administration of a test regimen to a person to evaluate its efficacy and safety
arm
any treatment group in a randomized trial
efficacy
maximum ability of a drug/treatment to produce a result regardless of dosage
placebo effect
physical or emotional change occurring after the substance is taken, however the drug doesn't have any special properties
phases for vaccine trials
there are many phases and many vaccines do not advance to the next phase bc of adverse effects or ineffectiveness
randomization
the method of choice for assigning subjects to the treatment or control groups of a clinical trial
community trials
an experiment where the unit of allocation to receive any treatment is on the entire community
attributable risk
absolute difference in disease frequency.
risk difference
calculates the difference between the incidence rate of the exposed and the incidence rate of disease in the non-exposed group
etiologic fraction
estimates # of cases among the exposed that are attributable to the exposure
relative isk formula
Ie/Ine
etiologic fraction formula
(Ie-Ine)/Ie or (RR-1)/RR. can be applied to cohort or cross sectional studies
low etiologic fraction
how does low relative risk impact the etiologic fraction
high etiologic fraction
how does high relative risk impact the etiologic fraction
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