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Bio 2 final exam - old exam 3

Terms in this set (42)

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella ____.

A. have the same evolutionary origin
B. operated in identical ways
C. are evidence of convergent evolution
D. contain their own DNA
C. are evidence of convergent evolution
A bacteriophage drills into a prey bacterium and, once inside, uses the cellular components of the host to replicate more phages. In an attack upon a gram-negative bacterium that has a slimy cell covering, what is the correct sequence of structures penetrated by the bacteriophage on its way to the prey's cytoplasm?
1. membrane containing lipopolysaccharides
2. membrane composed mostly of phospholipids
3. peptidoglycan
4. capsule

A. 4, 2, 1, 3
B. 2, 4, 3, 1
C. 1, 4, 3, 2
D. 4, 1, 3, 2
D. 4, 1, 3, 2
Although not present in all bacteria, this cells covering often enables cells that posses it to resist the defenses of host organisms. especially their phagocytic immune cells.

A. capsule
B. endospore
C. pilus
D. cell wall
A. capsule
An individual mixotroph loses its plastids, yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival?

A. it relies on photosystems that float freely in its cytosol
B. it has an endospore
C. it must have gained extra mitochondria when it lost its plastids
D. it engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption
D. it engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption
Which of the following traits do Archaea and Bacteria share?

A. peptidoglycan cell wall
B. Susceptibility to antibiotics
C. Lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of circular chromosome
D. presence of a nuclear envelope and similar flagellum design
C. lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of circular chromosome
A function of the cell wall in prokaryotes

A. provide protection to high temperatures and are best developed in hyperthermophiles
B. regulates what enters and leaves the cell
C. protect against cell lysis due to water uptake in dilute environments
D. Reduces the negative effects of high oxygen concentrations on cellular processes
C. protect against cell lysis due to water uptake in dilute environments
Which of the following helps explain why pathogenic gram-negative bacteria are generally more serious than infections by gram-positive bacteria?

A. they have a thicker peptidoglycan layer
B. outer membrane blocks entrance of many antibiotics into the cell
C. unlike gram-positive pathogens, gram-negative bacteria can do horizontal gene transfer
D. All of the above
D. all of the above
Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot result from

A. transduction
B. conjugation
C. mutation
D. meiosis
D. meiosis
Which of the following is true about the genomes of prokaryotes?

A. prokaryote cells have multiple linear chromosomes
B. some of the genome can be found on small, circular molecules of non-chromosomal DNA
C. Most prokaryotic cells are diploid throughout most of their life cycle
D. Prokaryotic chromosomes are sometimes circular
B. some of the genomes can be found on small, circular molecules of non-chromosomal DNA
Involves direct contact between two living prokaryotes.

A. transduction
B. transformation
C. conjugation
D. genetic recombination
C. conjugation
What would you not expect to find in a newly found fossil dating to 3.0 billion years ago?

A. ribosomes
B. linear double-stranded DNA molecules
C. flagella-like structure
D. nucleic acids concentrated in a nucleoid region
B. linear double-stranded DNA molecules
Which of the following can be attributed to all protists?

A. eukaryotic cell type
B. unicellular morphology
C. symbiotic
D. autotrophic
A. eukaryotic cell type
In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex-pilus construction and for penicillum resistance are located on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium readily performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the result should be the _____.

A. rapid spread of penicillum resistance to other bacteria in that habitat
B. subsequent loss of penicillum resistance from this bacterium
C. temporary possession by this bacterium of a completely diploid genome
D. production of endospores among the bacterium's progeny
A. rapid spread of penicillum resistance to other bacteria in that habitat
You have found a new prokaryote. What line of evidence would support your hypothesis that the organism is a cyanobacterium?

A. it is able to fix nitrogen
B. it is a a parasite
C. it was formed by secondary endosymbiosis
D. it forms pneumatocysts
A. it is able to fix nitrogen
In a life cycle with alternation of generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate with

A. unicellular haploid forms
B. unicellular diploid forms
C. multicellular diploid forms
D. multicellular haploid forms
C. multicellular diploid forms
Which two structures can facilitate the aggregation of bacterial cells and the formation of a biofilm on a surface?
1. capsules
2. endospores
3. fimbrae
4. plasmids
5. flagella

A. 1 and 3
B. 3 and 5
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 and 2
A. 1 and 3
Most of the protist lineages were formed by _____.

A. primary endosymbiotic events
B. secondary endosymbiotic events
C. horizontal gene transfer
D. metabolic cooperation
B. secondary endosymbiotic events
All of the following result from the conjugative mating between F+ cell and F- cell except:

A. both cells are now F+
B. both cells can now produce a sex pilus
C. The recipient cell of the mating is now a donor cell
D. New genes recombined into the chromosome of the recipient cell
D. new genes recombined into the chromosome of the recipient cell
Which of the following describe all existing bacteria?

A. pathogenic, everywhere, morphologically diverse
B. tiny, everywhere, metabolically diverse
C. extremophiles, tiny, abundant
D. morphologically diverse, metabolically diverse, extremophiles
B. tiny, everywhere, metabolically diverse
Biologists think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because

A. all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remanants), whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids
B. the products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes
C. mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA
D. without mitochondrial CO2 production, photosynthesis could not occur
A. all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remanants), whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids
Major group within the domain Archaea.

A. thermophiles
B. halophiles
C. methanogens
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?

A. the engulfed cell provided the host cell with chemical energy (ATP) or organic carbon
B. the engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide
C. the engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose
D. the host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive
A. the engulfed cell provided the host cell with chemical energy (ATP) or organic carbon
Massive cells characteristic of plasmodial slime molds result when which one of the following common cellular processes does not occur?

A. cytokinesis
B. mitosis
C. aerobic metabolism
D. endocytosis
A. cytokinesis
Bacteria that can live in environments with or without oxygen are called ____.

A. obligate aerobes
B. heterotrophs
C. facultative anaerobes
D. oxygen commensals
C. facultative anaerobes
Contain the pigment phycoerythrin and is commonly used in Asian food; a member of Archaeplastida
Red algae
Haploid cells aggregate to form stalked fruiting bodies when food becomes scarce
cellular slime molds
toxic tides; coral symbionts
dinoflagellates
heteromorphic alternation of generations; the largest and most structurally complex of the seaweeds; a stramenophile
brown algae
Protistan ancestor to land plants; a member of Archaeplastida
green algae
diploid phase of life cycle of this unikont can form large single cells
plasmodial slime molds
include many mixotrophic species; distinguished by their long flagella and conspicuous eyespot at one end of their cell; a member of Excavata
Euglenids
photosynthetic group of stramenophiles; produce a glass test or shell that they live inside
diatoms
growth in hot, salty, or acidic environements
extremophiles
Responsible for oxygenating the atmosphere 2.7 billion years ago
cyanobacteria
meet their energy needs via light absorption and their carbon needs by fixation of CO2
photoautotroph
a relationship between two organisms in direct contact with each other
symbiosis
outer membrane covering the peptidoglycan layer
gram-negative bacteria
a metabolic/nutritional strategy that is unique to prokaryotes
chemoautotroph
distinguished by a thick peptidoglycan layer
gram-positive bacteria
virus mediates transfer of DNA between bacteria
transduction
the waste of one bacterium is the food for another
metabolic cooperation
depend on organic molecules from the environment for its energy and carbon needs
chemoheterotroph
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