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HESC1501 - Anatomical basis of movement (I)

Terms in this set (29)

Study of structure of human bodies and its relationship with its different parts.
What is anatomy?
1. Gross anatomy - dissection
2. Histology - microscopic work
3. Embryology - development
4. Neuroanatomy - nervous system
The four subunits of anatomy are?
1. Oxygen
2. Nutrient
3. Heat
4. Pressure
What do bones require?
206
How many bones do we have in total?
Cells and matrix.
What is the two main components of bone?
Functions of bone?
1. Support and protect.
2. Provide movement.
3. Store important nutrients.
4. Blood cell formation.
1. Organic matrix;
a. collagen fibres - structural proteins of connective tissues.
b. protein molecules - amino acids.
c. provides shape and flexibility to bone.
2. Inorganic matrix;
a. calcium
b. other important minerals - K, Mg, Na ...
c. provide bone with hardness and rigidity to support body.
Name the subcategories of matrix and explain their components and function.
Compact and spongy bones.
What are the two types of bones?
Under periosteum.
Where are compact bones and spongy bones found?
1. Dense and strong.
2. Forms outer layer of bones.
3. Primary unit is osteon.
Name few characteristics of compact bone. Mention primary unit.
1. Soft and dense.
2. Located at the head of limb bones and middle of vertebrae.
3. Highly vascular, produces blood cells.
4. Primary unit is trabecula.
Name few characteristics of spongy bone. Mention primary unit.
Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton.
Name the two main parts of our skeleton.
Bones that lies in the central axis of our body. This includes skull, vertebral column and ribs.
What is the axial skeleton?
Bones that lies on the two sides of our body.
This includes our limb bones and girdles.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Arm; humerus, radius and ulna.
Leg; femur, tibia and fibula.
What limb bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
1. Long bone; humerus, femur.
2. Short bone; carpels of wrist.
3. Flat bone; frontal bone of skull.
4. Irregular bone; vertebrae.
Name the shape of bones followed by an example.
Joint surface, periosteum, epiphysis and diaphysis.
Name the structures of long bone.
1. Epiphysis; swollen ends of bones which consist of a thin layer of compact bone over spongy bone.
2. Diaphysis; The middle area made of compact bones with central cavity filled with blood vessels and yellow bone marrow.
Elaborate on epiphysis and diaphysis.
Holes in the bone showing where muscles connect, bones join and where vessels and nerves travel through.
What are bony landmarks?
Area where bones attach and move against each other.
What are joints?
1. Fibrous joints; bones connected by connective tissue.
2. Cartilage joints; bones are joined by cartilage.
3. Synovial joints; bones are joint together by enclosing of fibrous capsule.
Name three classification of joints.
1. Sutures; connected by short strands of connective tissues, e.g. plate of skull.
2. Syndesmosis; connected by ligaments, e.g. distal tibia and fibula.
3. Gomphosis; peg in socket with short ligaments, e.g. teeth in gum sockets.
Name three sub classifications of fibrous joints.
1. Synchondrosis; connected by hyaline cartilage, e.g. sternum and ribs.
2. Symphysis; Connected by fibrocartilage, e.g. vertebrae.
Name two sub categories of cartilage joints.
1. Ligaments; collagen fibres which hold bones in shape and prevent undesirable movements.
2. meniscus; fibrocartilage found in near, increases mobility and keep bones aligned.
3. Labrum; fibrocartilage located at ball and socket joint.
4. bursa; fluid filled sacs to provide padding for tendons.
Name the components of synovial joint and briefly explain each.
Uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial.
Motion of synovial joints.
Hinge and pivot.
Name uniaxial joints.
Condyloid and saddle.
Name biaxial joints.
Ball and socket and gliding joint.
Name multiaxial joints.
Shoulder joint and hip joint.
1. Shoulder joint; shallow joint, allows more movement but less stable.
2. Hip joint; deeper joint, allows less movement but more stable.
Name two common ball and socket joints and explain their differences.
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