Chemistry 2nd Semester Review

determine physical or chemical properties, analyze compounds, and test theories
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Terms in this set (53)
determine physical or chemical properties, analyze compounds, and test theories
Name 3 activities a chemist may be involved in
Rust
Formation Of Bubbles
Odor Change
A substance undergoes a change. Name 3 indicators that it may be a chemical change.
Theory
an explanation supported by many experiments; is still subject to new experimental data, can be modified, and is considered valid if it can be used to make predictions that are proven true
Law
Describes a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments
1. make an observation
2. form a question
3. form a hypothesis
4. conduct an experiment
5. analyze the results
6. develop a conclusion
Steps of Scientific Method
Metric System
The decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units of length, capacity, and weight or mass.
The SI base unit used to measure the amount of a pure substance, abbreviated mol; one mole is the amount of a pure substance that contains 6.02x10^23 representative particles
What is a chemistry mole?
the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance
What is molar mass?
What is Avogadro's Number?
6.02214086x10^23
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and weight is the measure of the amount of matter and the effect of earth's gravitational pull on that matter
Weight vs. Mass
Precision is how close a series of results are to one another and accuracy is how close a result is to the accepted valuePrecision vs. AccuracyIntensive propertiesa physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is presentSubstanceA form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition; also known as a pure substanceA homogeneous mixture has the same uniform appearance and composition and a heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases.Homogeneous Mixture vs. Heterogeneous MixtureCrushed Broken FreezeIndicators of a physical changeA homogeneous mixture has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout and a heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases.Physical Property vs. Chemical PropertyA solid as a definite shape and volume. A liquid assumes the shapes of the container but have a definite volume. A gas assumes the shape and volume of the container.List the states of matter and describe themKnow how to draw theseTime- Seconds Length- Meters Temperature- Kelvin Mass- GramsBe able to list the common metric unit symbolsChemical Reactionthe process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances; occurrence can be indicated by changes in temperature, color, odor, and physical stateProducts are on the left side of the equation and reactants are on the right side.Label products and reactantsChemical Equationa statement using chemical formulas to describe the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products involved in the chemical reactionCoefficientsIn a chemical equation, the number written in front of a reactant or product; the number written in front of a reactant or product; tells the smallest number of particles of the substance involved in the reactionSubscriptsa number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol in a formulalustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricityWhat are the properties of metals?non-malleable not ductile high ionization energies poor conductors of heat and electricityWhat are the properties of nonmetals?shiny brittle solids good conductors of heat and electricityWhat are the properties of metalloids?1. Rings 2. Nucleus 3. Electron 4. Proton 5. NeutronLabel the parts of an atomAtoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.What are isotopes?Biochemistry Organic Chemistry Inorganic ChemistryName 3 branches of chemistry?Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds and inorganic is the study of all compounds without carbonOrganic vs. InorganicAtomthe smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element; is electrically neutral, spherically shaped, and composed of electrons, protons, and neutronsAtomic Numberthe number of protons in an atomneutronsSome atoms have more ____________, which makes it an isotope and gives it a negative charge.1/1836An electron has a mass of what?It has one protons or lightest elementWhy does hydrogen have an atomic number of 1?NucleusMost of the mass of an atom is located here.QuarksUp, Down, Strange, Charm, top and bottom are all names for what type of particle?1A neutron has an atomic mass of what?LatinNames for elements comes from English or _________ names.ElectronsThese particles are negatively charged and are found outside the nucleus.BariumWhat element has a number of 56?ProtonsAtomic numbers of an atom are the same as the number of what in an atom?NeutronsThese particles are located within the nucleus, and have no charge.1A proton has an atomic mass of what?6Carbon's atomic number is __________.AlchemyThe earliest form of chemistry was called _____________.ProtonThese particles have a positive charge and are found inside the nucleus.GoldPeople thought you could turn iron and lead into what?AMUAtomic masses are measured in what?AtomsThe smallest pieces of matter are called ___________.NucleusThe inner part of an atom that contains the proton and the neutron is called the ________________.MatterThis is anything that takes up space (has a mass).