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Genetics and Heredity

Terms in this set (15)

genetics
the scientific study of heredity
heredity
passing traits from parents to offspring
dominant trait
a genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
recessive trait
a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor
gene
a section of DNA on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
chromosome
a threadlike structure in the nucleus that contains the genetic information (DNA) that controls traits
allele
one of two parts of a gene
phenotype
how a trait appears or is expressed; the physical trait
genotype
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
homozygous
a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are the same
heterozygous
a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are different
punnett square
a model that is used to show the probability of all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, an organism's genetic material
mutation
a permanent change in the sequence of DNA, in a gene or a chromosome
Gregor Mendel
father of genetics who did experiments with garden peas
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