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Quiz 2: Proteins and Enzymes

Terms in this set (32)

Peptide bond
Joins two amino acids (forms between amino & carboxyl groups)
Substrate
Specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme
Structured Protein
Collagen, hair, nails, cell membranes are good examples
Side group
"R" group; gives different properties to each amino acid
Secondary
Folding of primary sequence into Alpha helix or Beta sheets
Transport Protein
A good example of this protein function is hemoglobin
Amino Acid
building block of protein (monomer = amino group + carboxyl group)
Quarternary
Fourth level of protein structure (multiple polypeptides)
Catabolic
Reaction causes breakdown of large polymers into smaller subunits
Enzymes
Globular proteins that catalyze chemical reactions inside or outside of cells
Hormone
signal molecule that is released into blood stream; triggers response
Pepsin
Stomach enzyme begins protein breakdown (requires very low pH= 2.0)
Protein
Long, complex polymer formed from 20 amino acids (many functions)
Amylase
Enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of starch
Polypeptide
Chain of linked amino acids (20-50) = protein unit
Antibody
Blood protein that fights infection from bacteria and viruses
Catalyst
Compounds that speed up chemical reactions
Denaturation
Loss of normal protein shape due to heat, change in temp, etc.
Active site
Region of enzyme into which a particular substrate fits
Tertiary
Three-dimensional shape of protein (twisted or globular)
Collagen
most common connective tissue protein in our body
Primary
Structure from the exact sequence of amino acids
Muscle
Contractile protein; moves skeleton or internal tracts
Anabolic
Reaction causes building of polymers; also called dehydration
Activation Energy
Minimum amount of energy required to trigger chemical reaction
pH & Temp
Two major factors that greatly affect enzyme shape and function
Denaturation causes halt in enzyme function because it causes change in the shape of the ________
Enzyme's active site
Which part(s) of an amino acid is involved in a peptide bond?
Functional groups
Enzymes act as catalysts by:
Lowering the energy for reactions to occur at normal temperature
The main purpose fof our lab last week was to demonstrate that:
solvents dissolve like solutes
What was the result of adding water, oil, and sudan IV
no mix; Sudan IV dissolved in oil on top
What was the result of adding water, alcohol, and KMnO4
Mix with KMnO4 dissolved throughout
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