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What are some natural resources?
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Terms in this set (567)
What are some natural resources?
Sunlight
Fresh water
Trees
Wind
Hydroelectric energy
How are nonrenewable and renewable resources different?
Nonrenewable resources can't reproduce at the rate in which humans use them, renewable resources can.
How did human resources affect the environment?
The resources release harmful gases, hurting the environment.
What is a way that we can reuse nonrenewable resources?
We can reuse nonrenewable resources by recycling them.
Write a summary about the power point.
There are two types of resources and a way to reuse them is recycling them.
What is the equation for force?
F=MA
________ is the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if it speed, direction, or both change.
Acceleration
What is Newton's first law motion known as?
The law of Inertia
Who found out about acceleration?
Isaac Newton
_____ is a push or pull.
Force
All flowers go through asexual reproduction. Is this true or false?TrueThe anther and the filament are the male parts of the flower. Is this true or false?TrueThe stamen is the female part of the flower. Is this true or false?FalseAsexual gamete needs a mate. Is this true or false?FalseIn sexual reproduction only one parent is needed. Is this true or false?FalseThe septal attracts insects like bees for pollination. Is this true or false?FalseIn sexual reproduction it takes less time and energy. Is this true or false?FalseThe style holds up the stigma. Is this true or false?TrueThe filament makes the pollen. Is this true or false?FalseThe colorful leaves of the flower is called the petals. Is this true or false?TrueAll humans go through ______ reproduction.sexual_________ reproduction takes less time.Asexual______ is the female part of flower.PistilThe ______ and the ___________ are male parts of the flower.Anther filamentThe ______ part of flower consists of three parts.pistilThe anther and filament are part of the _____________.stamenChanging the ____ or ________ of the _____ of the force.Size Direction InputThe five types of machines are _____, ________ _____, _____, ______, and ____________.Wedge Pulley Screw Wheel and axle Inclined planeAn inclined plane is a ________ _______ _______.straight slanted surfaceMA=L/MSimple machines makes work ___________________.easierA screw is an ________________ wrapped around a cylinder.inclined planeScrews apply a _____ force through the _____ distance it is pushed.large shortA pulley is a grooved _____ that holds a ________.wheel ropeThere are ________ pulleys, ______________ pulleys, ____________ pulleys, and ___________ pulleys.fixed movable block tackleA wedge applies an ______ force that is greater than your ________ force.output input1st lawinertiaForcethe tendency for an object to resist changeAccelerationthe product of mass and velocitySpeeddistance travelled per unit of timeM/s²unit for accelerationNewtonsThe unit of forceJoulesThe unit of forceCrestWavelengthAmplitudeTroughExplain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves.Longitudnal waves vibrate back and forth and transverse waves vibrate up and down. Longitudnal waves move parallel to the direction of wave motion and transverse waves move perpendicular to the wave motion to wave motion.List three examples of each type of wave.Mechanical- Earthquake, ocean waves, guitar and cello strings Electromagnetic-X-rays, TV and radio signals, and visible light Longitudnal-Sound waves, Seismic waves, spring Transverse-Wave moving on a rope, all electromagnetic waves, cell phone wavesHow are longitudinal and transverse waves produced and transmitted?Longitudnal waves are created when particles of a medium vibrate back and forth. It is transmitted by compression and rarefaction. Transverse waves are created when particles of a medium move up and down. They are carried away from its source.How are waves produced?When there is a disturbance in particlesMitosis involves chromosomes. Is this true or false?TrueHomologous chromosomes involve chromosomes. Is this true or false?TrueIs the first phase of mitosis DNA?FalseCytokinesis means the division of the ________________.cytoplasmThe human body cells have 47 chromosomes, or 22 pairs of chromosomes. Is this statement true or false?FalseCopying chromosomes ensures that each new cell would be an exact copy of its parent cell. Is this statement true or false?TrueIn your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: cell cycle and cytokinesis.Cell Cycle- The cycle of a cell's life Cytokinesis- The division of the cytoplasmTectonic plates-pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle -referred to as the lithosphere -100 km thick -made up of oceanic crust and continental crustHow many tectonic plates are there?10What are the names of the tectonic plates?Pacific Antarctic African Australian North American South American Cocos Indian Eurasian Nazca (PAAANSCIEN)What are the layers of the Earth?Crust, Mantle, CoreCharacteristics of the Core-made mostly of iron and small amounts of nickel -almost no oxygen, silicon, aluminum, or magnesium. -INNER CORE IS SOLID (1,230 km) -OUTER CORE IS LIQUID (2,200 km)Characteristics of the Crust-thinnest layer of the EarthCharacteristics of the Mantle-thickest layer on earth -liquid -that is where magma liesPlate Boundary where two plates collideconvergentPlate boundary where plates separatedivergentPlate boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontallytransverse (transform)What forms at each boundary?convergent- mountains divergent- volcanic islands transversal- earthquakesHow fast do tectonic plates move per year?2.5 cm/yearWhat are natural resources? Give examplesAny natural material that is used by humans. Examples: water, trees, petroleum, minerals, sunlight, animalsWhat is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources?-nonrenewable resources can't form at the rate at which we consume them and renewable ones canWhat are fossil fuels? Are they good or bad for the environment? Why?A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago. They are bad for the environment because it creates acid precipitation and smogWhat are the effects of global warming?-polar ice caps melting -rising sea levels -less biodiversity in the poles -floodingHow is a machine used to make work easier?It changes the size and direction of the force.How do you calculate net forceAdding up the forces acting on an object in the same direction, and subtract forces in the opposite direction.wavea disturbance that transfers energy through matter and spaceWhat causes waves?a transfer in energydefine mediumany substance through which a wave can travelHow are surface waves formed and how do they travel?They form from both longitudinal and transverse waves, they move both perpendicular to the rest plane and in the direction of the longitudinal waveamplitudeMaximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest postition the maximum positive displacement from the undisturbed position of the medium to the top of the crestwavelengthdistance between two adjacent compressionsrefractionBENDING of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to anotherresonancewhen one vibrating object causes similar vibrations in another object that is nearbytroughthe lowest part of a transverse wavefrequencythe number of waves produced in a given amount of timesurface wavea wave that occurs at the boundary between two media when longitudinal and transverse waves combinereflectionwhen a wave bounces back after hitting a barrier an echo, for example (wave interaction)longitudinal wavewave in which particles in the medium vibrate back and forth along the path the wave travels sound waves in airtransverse wavewave in which the particles in the medium vibrate in an up-and-down motion ripples on a pond wave moving on a ropecrestthe highest point of a transverse wave "B" in the imagewave speedthe speed at which a wave travels through water or other mediumdiffractionthe bending of waves around a barrier or through an openinghow are wavelength and frequency relatedwhen wavelength gets bigger, frequency gets smaller inverse relationshiplabel parts of a wavetrough wavelength amplitude crestmechanical wavesA wave that is NOT capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum Needs a medium example--earthquakeelectromagnetic wavesa wave that IS capable of transmitting its energy without a medium light waves UV radiationEnergy can be carried away from its source by a ______waverest positionthe point where the particles of a medium stay where they are no disturbancesA wave with a shorter wavelength has _______ energy than a wave with a longer wavelengthmoreWave speed can be calculated bywavelength and frequencyIf a wave is traveling a certain speed and you double its frequency, its wavelength will be ------------cut in halfwhen a wave moves from one medium to another, what happens to its speedit changesthe amount of diffraction depends on its _______ and the size of ___________________ the wave encounterwavelength barrier or openingconstructive interferencewhen the crests of one wave overlap the crests of another wave or wavesthe frequencies at which standing waves are made are calledresonant frequenciesthe highest point of a wave is _________ and the lowest is the _________crest troughthe _____ is a measure of the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of timefrequencyNewton's First Law of MotionAn object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed an in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force. A golf ball hit by a clubNewton's Second Law of Motionacceleration depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. ALSO It is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass It is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full one, because the full shopping cart has more mass than the empty one.Newton's Third Law of MotionFor every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction A swimmer's body pushes down on the water, and the water pushes him back to keep him afloat.Formula and Unit for AccelerationA=F/M ㎨Formula and Unit for ForceF=MA newtonsFormula and Unit for SpeedS=D/T m/sA change in a moving object's speed or direction (speeding up, slowing down, turning)accelerationSpeed of an object in a particular directionvelocityChange in position relative to a reference pointmotionThe distance an object moved over the time in which the motion took placespeedWhat causes an object to accelerate? A. a change in its speed B. a change in direction of motion D. all of the aboveA. A change in speed B. A change in direction of motion **D. All of the aboveA satellite orbiting Earth at a constant distance moves at a constant speed. Which statement about its velocity is accurate? A. The velocity of the satellite is constant. B. The velocity is changing at all times. C. There is too little information to know whether the velocity is constant.B. The velocity is changing at all times.T or F: An object is in motion if it changes position over time in relation to a reference point.TrueT or F: Speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time the object takes to travel that distanceTrueT or F: Changing direction is the only thing that causes an object to accelerateFalseT or F: Speed can be represented on a graph of distance versus timeTrueT or F: Acceleration can be represented by graphing velocity versus timeTrueThe combination of all of the forces acting on an objectnet forceThe unit used to measure forceNewtonA force of attraction between objects that is due to their massesgravityA force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contactfrictionHow do you calculate for speed, distance, and time?S= D/T D= ST T= D/SWhat is the difference between speed and velocitySpeed is the distance an object can travel in a certain amount of time the velocity is the speed of an object in a certain direction YOU MUST INCLUDE REFERENCE DIRECTIONHow do you correctly label speed and velocity?speed could be labeled 600 km/h but the velocity would have to be labeled 600 km/h south (or north, west, east)How do you calculate net force of forces acting in the same direction?If two forces are acting on an object in the same direction then they are added together.How do you calculate net force of forces acting in opposite directions?When two forces act in opposite directions, you subtract the smaller force from the larger forceThe 6 simple machinesLevers, Pulleys, Inclined planes, screws, wedges, and wheels & axlesExample of an everyday simple machinesknifeWork formulaW=FDDuring an experiment, a total of 2,000 J of work was done to lift 5m straight up off the floor. What amount of force is needed?400 NewtonsWhat does 1 joule equal?1m times 1NleverA bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrumscrewAn inclined plane that is wrapped in a spiral around a cylinderinclined planeA simple machine that is a straight slanted surfacepulleyA simple machine that consists of a wheel over which a rope, chain, or wire passeswedgemade up of two inclined planes placed back to backwheel and axlea simple machine consistent of two different circular objects of two different sizes the wheel is larger turning the wheel results in a mechanical advantage of greater than 1example of a wedgeknifeexample of a pulleyblock and tackleexample of a screwcorkscrew drillexample of a leverhammerexample of an inclined planerampWhat is a sign that work is being done?The object moves as a force is applied The direction of the object's motion is in the same direction of the forceWhat are the units for Force Mass & Acceleration?Newtons Kilograms m/sWhat is workIt is when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.What are the units for Work Force Distance?Joules Newtons minertiathe tendency to resist changes in motion or positionmassthe amount of matter in an objectspeeddistance/timefrictiona force that tends to oppose motionforcea push or a pullaccelerationthe rate of change in an object's velocitydistancespeed x timevelocitymeasure of speed in a given directionsimple machinea device that makes work easier, and has few moving partsEquation for Newton's Second Law of MotionForce=mass x accelerationpower is measured inwattsWhen forces become unbalanced, ________________ will transferenergyHow is a machine used to make work easier?It changes the size and direction of the force.How do you calculate net forceAdding up the forces acting on an object in the same direction, and subtract forces in the opposite direction.wavea disturbance that transfers energy through matter and spaceWhat causes waves?a transfer in energydefine mediumany substance through which a wave can travelHow are surface waves formed and how do they travel?They form from both longitudinal and transverse waves, they move both perpendicular to the rest plane and in the direction of the longitudinal waveamplitudeMaximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest postition the maximum positive displacement from the undisturbed position of the medium to the top of the crestwavelengthdistance between two adjacent compressionsrefractionBENDING of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to anotherresonancewhen one vibrating object causes similar vibrations in another object that is nearbytroughthe lowest part of a transverse wavefrequencythe number of waves produced in a given amount of timeinterferencewhen two or more waves overlapperpendicularmeaning to be at "right angles" as in a transverse wavesurface wavea wave that occurs at the boundary between two media when longitudinal and transverse waves combinereflectionwhen a wave bounces back after hitting a barrier an echo, for example (wave interaction)longitudinal wavewave in which particles in the medium vibrate back and forth along the path the wave travels sound waves in airtransverse wavewave in which the particles in the medium vibrate in an up-and-down motion ripples on a pond wave moving on a ropestanding wavea wave that looks as if it is stationary (not moving)crestthe highest point of a transverse wave "B" in the imagewave speedthe speed at which a wave travels through water or other mediumdiffractionthe bending of waves around a barrier or through an openinghow are wavelength and frequency relatedwhen wavelength gets bigger, frequency gets smaller inverse relationshiplabel parts of a wavetrough wavelength amplitude crestmechanical wavesA wave that is NOT capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum Needs a medium example--earthquakeelectromagnetic wavesa wave that IS capable of transmitting its energy without a medium light waves UV radiationthree ways to measure wavelengthCrest to Crest Trough to trough Start of wave to startEnergy can be carried away from its source by a ______waveIf there are no particles to vibrate, no sound can travel true or false?truerest positionthe point where the particles of a medium stay where they are no disturbancesA wave with a shorter wavelength has _______ energy than a wave with a longer wavelengthmoreWavelength is measured in the same way in a longitudinal and a transverse wave. True or falsetrueWave speed can be calculated bywavelength and frequencyIf a wave is traveling a certain speed and you double its frequency, its wavelength will be ------------cut in halfwhen a wave moves from one medium to another, what happens to its speedit changesthe amount of diffraction depends on its _______ and the size of ___________________ the wave encounterwavelength barrier or openingconstructive interferencewhen the crests of one wave overlap the crests of another wave or wavesthe frequencies at which standing waves are made are calledresonant frequenciesthe highest point of a wave is _________ and the lowest is the _________crest troughthe _____ is a measure of the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of timefrequencyNewton's First Law of MotionAn object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed an in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.Newton's Second Law of Motionacceleration depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. ALSO It is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its massNewton's Third Law of MotionFor every action, there is an equal and opposite reactionFormula and Unit for AccelerationA=F/M ㎨Formula and Unit for ForceF=MA newtonsFormula and Unit for SpeedS=D/T m/sA change in a moving object's speed or direction (speeding up, slowing down, turning)accelerationSpeed of an object in a particular directionvelocityChange in position relative to a reference pointmotionThe distance an object moved over the time in which the motion took placespeedWhich of the following is a measurement of velocity? B. 25 m/s2 C. 55 m/h south D. 60 km/hC. 55 m/h southWhat causes an object to accelerate? A. a change in its speed B. a change in direction of motion D. all of the aboveA. A change in speed B. A change in direction of motion **D. All of the aboveA satellite orbiting Earth at a constant distance moves at a constant speed. Which statement about its velocity is accurate? A. The velocity of the satellite is constant. B. The velocity is changing at all times. C. There is too little information to know whether the velocity is constant.B. The velocity is changing at all times.If you were driving a car and wanted to accelerate at a rate of -10 m/s/s, what would you do? A. Step on the brake B. Step on the gas C. Open the windowsA. Step on the brakeIt took Jill 5 hours to drive from her home to another city at a speed of 60 km/h. How far was Jill's trip? A. 300 km B. 12 km C. 60 km300 kmT or F: An object is in motion if it changes position over time in relation to a reference point.TrueT or F: Speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time the object takes to travel that distanceTrueT or F: Gravity is speed in a given directionfalseT or F: Mass is the rate at which velocity changesFalseT or F: Changing direction is the only thing that causes an object to accelerateFalseT or F: Speed can be represented on a graph of distance versus timeTrueT or F: Acceleration can be represented by graphing velocity versus timeTrueThe combination of all of the forces acting on an objectnet forceThe unit used to measure forceNewtonA force of attraction between objects that is due to their massesgravityA force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contactfrictionHow do you calculate for speed, distance, and time?S= D/T D= ST T= D/SWhat is the difference between speed and velocitySpeed is the distance an object can travel in a certain amount of time the velocity is the speed of an object in a certain direction YOU MUST INCLUDE REFERENCE DIRECTIONHow do you correctly label speed and velocity?speed could be labeled 600 km/h but the velocity would have to be labeled 600 km/h south (or north, west, east)How do you calculate net force of forces acting in the same direction?If two forces are acting on an object in the same direction then they are added together.How do you calculate net force of forces acting in opposite directions?When two forces act in opposite directions, you subtract the smaller force from the larger forceHow do you calculate momentum?P=MxV (in this equation m is mass in kg) momentum has direction units: kg∙m/s north (south, east or west)The 6 simple machinesLevers, Pulleys, Inclined planes, screws, wedges, and wheels & axlesExample of an everyday simple machinesknifeWork formulaW=FDDuring an experiment, a total of 2,000 J of work was done to lift 5m straight up off the floor. What amount of force is needed?400 NewtonsWhat does a simple machine do?Makes work easierWhat does 1 joule equal?1m times 1NThe steps to the engineering design processDefine the problem Do background research Specify requirements Brainstorm, evaluate, and choose solution Develop and prototype solution Test solution Communicate resultsleverA bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrumscrewAn inclined plane that is wrapped in a spiral around a cylinderinclined planeA simple machine that is a straight slanted surfacepulleyA simple machine that consists of a wheel over which a rope, chain, or wire passeswedgeA pair of inclined planes that movewheel and axlea simple machine consistent of two different circular objects of two different sizes the wheel is larger turning the wheel results in a mechanical advantage of greater than 1example of a wedgeknifeexample of a pulleyblock and tackleexample of a screwcorkscrew drillexample of a leverhammerexample of an inclined planerampWhat is a sign that work is being done?The object moves as a force is applied The direction of the object's motion is in the same direction of the forceGregor Mendel was known as what?The father of GeneticsWhat are genetics?study of heredityWhat is heredity?the passing of traits from parents to offspringGregor Mendel discovered how _______ were inheritedtraitsDNA is made up of __________ base pairs.fourDNA is located on each __________geneWhat is a gene?A specific location on a chromosomeAll people have ________ genes for each trait, one from mom and one from dadtwoWhat are chromosomes?packaging for DNA made up of different genesWhat are Alleles?The different forms of a trait that a gene may haveEach parent contains ______ alleles for every traittwo EX: for hair color, one allele could be for brown hair and one could be an allele for blonde hairWhat is a trait?A distinct characteristic of an organism that is normally inherited (something that you can see) EX: hair color, eye colorHow are Genes, DNA, and Chromosomes related?DNA------> Genes -------> Chromosomes several strands of DNA together are a gene, and genes are sections of chromosomesWhat is a dominant trait?The trait that is observed in the offspring (that you can see)In a Punnett square, dominant traits are ________________uppercaseWhat are recessive traits?Traits that are hiddenIn a Punnett square, recessive traits are ___________lowercaseWhat is a Genotype?The gene combination of an organismWhat is a Phenotype?The way an organism looks, the physical make-up ex: red hair or brown hairWhat is sexual reproduction?Sperm fertilizes an egg to produce offspring (meiosis)What is asexual reproduction?Occurs when 1 organism copies itself to produce offspring (mitosis)What is a Punnett square?A grid system used to predict the possible outcomes of the mating process between two individualsWhat does heterozygous mean?if the two alleles for a trait are different ex: AaWhats another name for heterozygous traithybridWhat does homozygous mean?if the two alleles for a trait are the same ex: AA or aaWhat is another name of a homozygous trait?purebredProbabilityThe mathematical chance of something happeningHeredityThe passing of traits from parents to offspringHomozygousA plant or animal with 2 dominant or recessive traitsHeterozygousA plant or animal with 1 dominant trait and 1 recessive traitGeneThe instructions for an inherited geneRecessiveTraits that cannot be seenDominantTraits that can be seenChromosomeThe structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNADNAMOLECULE that is present in all living cells and that contains INFORMATION that determines the TRAITS that a living thing inherits and needs to live.PhenotypePhysical traits in wordsGenotypePhysical traits in lettersXXFemaleXYMaleThe 4 bases of DNAAdenine, Thymine, Guanine,& CytosineProbabilityThe mathematical chance of something happeningHeredityThe passing of traits from parents to offspringHeterozygousA plant or animal with 2 dominant or recessive traitsHomozygousA plant or animal with 1 dominant trait and 1 recessive traitGeneThe instructions for an inherited geneRecessiveTraits that cannot be seenDominantTraits that can be seenChromosomeThe structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNADNAA molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live.PhenotypePhysical traits in wordsGenotypePhysical traits in lettersXXFemaleXYMaleThe 4 bases of DNAAdenine, Thymine, Guanine,& CytosineWhat is a cell?the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for lifeWhat is a tissue?a group of cells that work together to perform a specific joborgana group of tissuesorgan systema group of organs working together to perform a particular joborganismanything that can perform life processes by itselfphotosynthesisthe process by which plants make their own foodpurpose of photosynthesismaking foodPhotosynthesis equationcarbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2chlorophylla green pigment that absorbs light energycellular respirationthe process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from foodpurpose of cellular respirationto produce energyEquation of cellular respirationglucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycleAnimals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animalsprokaryoticcells with no nucleuseukaryoticcells that have a nucleusdiffusionthe movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrationosmosisthe movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentrationdifferences in diffusion and osmosisosmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentrationactive transportthe process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energywhy does active transport use energyso that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentrationpassive transportthe movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energyendocytosisthe process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicleexocytosisA process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______volume litersa meter stick measures _______ in _____length metersa balance measures ___ in ______mass gramsa scale measures _______ in________weight newtonsWhat is the cell cycle?the life cycle of a cellmitosisin eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomesSpindle fibersSeparates the chromosomesChromosomesIn eukaryotic cells, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein. In prokaryotic cell, its the main ring of DNA.CentriolesHelps with formation of the spindle fibersNuclear membranedissolves in metaphase and forms around the two new sets of chromosomes in telophaseWhat is the difference between the cell cycle and mitosis?Cell cycle-The life cycle of the cell Mitosis-the process in which chromosomes condense and separateInterphaseBefore mitosis begins, chromosomes are copiedprophaseChromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structuresmetaphaseWhen the nuclear membrane is dissolved and paired chromosomes line up in the center of the cellanaphaseThe chromatids separate and move to the opposite sides of the celltelophaseWhen a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind.cytokinesisThe division of the cytoplasm of a cellWhat happens during cytokinesis?The cell's cytoplasm splitsProphaseWhen chromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structuresdigestive systembreaks down food you eat into nutrientsmajor organs of digestive systemstomach, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, esophaguscirculatory (cardiovascular) systemyour heart pumps blood through all of your blood vesselsmajor organs of the circulatory systemheart, blood vesselsrespiratory systemyour lungs absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxidemajor organs of the respiratory systemlungsnervous systemyour nervous system receives and sends electrical messages throughout your bodymajor organs of the nervous systembrain, nerves, spinal cordskeletal systemyour bones provide a frame to support and protect your body parts.major organs of the skeletal systembones, bone marrowmuscular systemyour muscular system works with the skeletal system to help you movemajor organs of the muscular system3 types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, skeletalintegumentary systemyour skin, hair, and nails protect the tissue that lies beneath themmajor organs of the integumentary systemhair, skin and nailsparts of a flowerWhat is a receptacle?the part of the branch on which a flower formssepalleaf like structures that surround and protect the flower before it bloomspetalthe colorful part of the flower that attracts insects and even other small animals, such as mice, birds, and batscarpelsthe female reproductive structurespistilwhat the carpels fuse together to formstylethe long tube that attaches the stigma to the ovarystigmathe top of the pistil that is often sticky and is where the pollen attachesspermfrom the pollen travels down this a tube to the ovulesovules (eggs)stored in the ovary until they are fertilizedovarywhere the ovules are stored until fertilizationstamensthe male reproductive structuresantherpart of the stamen that produces pollenfilamentsupports the anther of the stamenfruitany structure that encloses and protects a seedGregor Mendel was known as what?The father of GeneticsWhat are genetics?study of heredityWhat is heredity?the passing of traits from parents to offspringGregor Mendel discovered how _______ were inheritedtraitsDNA is made up of __________ base pairs.fourDNA is located on each __________geneWhat is a gene?A specific location on a chromosomeAll people have ________ genes for each trait, one from mom and one from dadtwoWhat are chromosomes?packaging for DNA made up of different genesWhat are Alleles?The different forms of a trait that a gene may haveEach parent contains ______ alleles for every traittwo EX: for hair color, one allele could be for brown hair and one could be an allele for blonde hairWhat is a trait?A distinct characteristic of an organism that is normally inherited (something that you can see) EX: hair color, eye colorHow are Genes, DNA, and Chromosomes related?DNA------> Genes -------> Chromosomes several strands of DNA together are a gene, and genes are sections of chromosomesWhat is a dominant trait?The trait that is observed in the offspring (that you can see)In a Punnett square, dominant traits are ________________uppercaseWhat are recessive traits?Traits that are hiddenIn a Punnett square, recessive traits are ___________lowercaseWhat is a Genotype?The gene combination of an organismWhat is a Phenotype?The way an organism looks, the physical make-up ex: red hair or brown hairWhat is sexual reproduction?Sperm fertilizes an egg to produce offspring (meiosis)What is asexual reproduction?Occurs when 1 organism copies itself to produce offspring (mitosis)What is a Punnett square?A grid system used to predict the possible outcomes of the mating process between two individualsWhat does heterozygous mean?if the two alleles for a trait are different ex: AaWhats another name for heterozygous traithybridWhat does homozygous mean?if the two alleles for a trait are the same ex: AA or aaWhat is another name of a homozygous trait?purebredcellthe smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for lifetissuea group of cells that work together to perform a specific joborgana group of tissuesorgan systema group of organs working together to perform a particular joborganismanything that can perform life processes by itselfphotosynthesisthe process by which plants make their own foodpurpose of photosynthesismaking foodPhotosynthesis equationcarbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2chlorophylla green pigment that absorbs light energycellular respirationthe process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from foodpurpose of cellular respirationto produce energyEquation of cellular respirationglucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycleAnimals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animalsprokaryoticcells with no nucleuseukaryoticcells that have a nucleusdiffusionthe movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrationosmosisthe movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentrationdifferences in diffusion and osmosisosmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentrationactive transportthe process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energywhy does active transport use energyso that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentrationpassive transportthe movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energyendocytosisthe process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicleexocytosisA process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______volume litersa meter stick measures _______ in _____length metersa balance measures ___ in ______mass gramsa scale measures _______ in________weight newtonsWhat is the cell cycle?the life cycle of a cellmitosisin eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomesSpindle fibersSeparates the chromosomesChromosomesIn eukaryotic cells, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein. In prokaryotic cell, its the main ring of DNA.CentriolesHelps with formation of the spindle fibersNuclear membranedissolves in metaphase and forms around the two new sets of chromosomes in telophaseWhat is the difference between the cell cycle and mitosis?Cell cycle-The life cycle of the cell Mitosis-the process in which chromosomes condense and separateInterphaseBefore mitosis begins, chromosomes are copiedprophaseChromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structuresmetaphaseWhen the nuclear membrane is dissolved and paired chromosomes line up in the center of the cellanaphaseThe chromatids separate and move to the opposite sides of the celltelophaseWhen a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind.cytokinesisThe division of the cytoplasm of a cellWhat happens during cytokinesis?The cell's cytoplasm splitsProphaseWhen chromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structuresdigestive systembreaks down food you eat into nutrientsmajor organs of digestive systemstomach, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, esophaguscirculatory (cardiovascular) systemyour heart pumps blood through all of your blood vesselsmajor organs of the circulatory systemheart, blood vesselsrespiratory systemyour lungs absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxidemajor organs of the respiratory systemlungsnervous systemyour nervous system receives and sends electrical messages throughout your bodymajor organs of the nervous systembrain, nerves, spinal cordskeletal systemyour bones provide a frame to support and protect your body parts.major organs of the skeletal systembones, bone marrowmuscular systemyour muscular system works with the skeletal system to help you movemajor organs of the muscular system3 types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, skeletalintegumentary systemyour skin, hair, and nails protect the tissue that lies beneath themmajor organs of the integumentary systemhair, skin and nailsparts of a flowercellthe smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for lifetissuea group of cells that work together to perform a specific joborgana group of tissuesorgan systema group of organs working together to perform a particular joborganismanything that can perform life processes by itselfphotosynthesisthe process by which plants make their own foodpurpose of photosynthesismaking foodPhotosynthesis equationcarbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2chlorophylla green pigment that absorbs light energycellular respirationthe process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from foodpurpose of cellular respirationto produce energyEquation of cellular respirationglucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycleAnimals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animalsprokaryoticcells with no nucleuseukaryoticcells that have a nucleusdiffusionthe movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrationosmosisthe movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentrationdifferences in diffusion and osmosisosmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentrationactive transportthe process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energywhy does active transport use energyso that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentrationpassive transportthe movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energyendocytosisthe process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicleexocytosisA process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______volume litersa meter stick measures _______ in _____length metersa balance measures ___ in ______mass gramsa scale measures _______ in________weight newtonsWhat happens during Interphase of mitosis?Before mitosis beginsCytoplasmThe fluid in a cellRibosomeOrganelles that make proteinCell walla rigid structure that gives support to a plant cellCell membraneForms a barrier between the cell and its environmentendoplasmic reticulum ERSystem of folded membranes in which ribosomes are madeLysosomeAn organelle that digests foodGolgi bodyhelps make and package materialsChloroplastsconverts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into ATPOrganellesStructures that are usually surrounded by membranes and which perform specific functions for the cellCytoskeletonKeeps the membrane from collapsing and helps the cell moveVacuoleAids in Digestion and stores digestive enzymesNucleusBrain of the cell contains the cell's DNANucleolusMakes ribosomesMitochondriaBreaks down sugar to produce energy powerhouse of the cellcellthe smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for lifetissuea group of cells that work together to perform a specific joborgana group of tissuesorgan systema group of organs working together to perform a particular joborganismanything that can perform life processes by itselfphotosynthesisthe process by which plants make their own foodpurpose of photosynthesismaking foodPhotosynthesis equationcarbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2chlorophylla green pigment that absorbs light energycellular respirationthe process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from foodpurpose of cellular respirationto produce energyEquation of cellular respirationglucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycleAnimals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animalsprokaryoticcells with no nucleuseukaryoticcells that have a nucleusdiffusionthe movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrationosmosisthe movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentrationdifferences in diffusion and osmosisosmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentrationactive transportthe process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energywhy does active transport use energyso that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentrationpassive transportthe movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energyendocytosisthe process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicleexocytosisA process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______volume litersa meter stick measures _______ in _____length metersa balance measures ___ in ______mass gramsa scale measures _______ in________weight newtonslabel vacuole Golgi comples lysosome smooth ER nucleus cytoplasm nucleolus DNA rough ER ribosome cell membraneinterphasewhen the cell grows and copies its organelles and chromosomesmitosisthe complicated process by which chromosomes condense and separatecytokinesisthe division of the cytoplasmorganellestructures that perform specific functions within the cellcellthe smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for lifetissuea group of cells that work together to perform a specific joborgana group of tissuesorgan systema group of organs working together to perform a particular joborganismanything that can perform life processes by itselfphotosynthesisthe process by which plants make their own foodpurpose of photosynthesismaking foodPhotosynthesis equationcarbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2chlorophylla green pigment that absorbs light energycellular respirationthe process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from foodpurpose of cellular respirationto produce energyEquation of cellular respirationglucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycleAnimals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animalsprokaryoticcells with no nucleuseukaryoticcells that have a nucleusdiffusionthe movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrationosmosisthe movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentrationdifferences in diffusion and osmosisosmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentrationactive transportthe process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energywhy does active transport use energyso that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentrationpassive transportthe movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energyendocytosisthe process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicleexocytosisA process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______volume litersa meter stick measures _______ in _____length metersa balance measures ___ in ______mass gramsa scale measures _______ in________weight newtonsWhat happens during Interphase of mitosis?Before mitosis begins

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