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Heart (chambers, valves etc.)

Terms in this set (68)

cardiology
the study of the heart
cardiovascular system
the system of the body that deals with the blood, arteries, heart, veins and lymphatics
layers of the heart
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
epicardium, visceral pericardium
- is the outer layer of the heart
- is a layer of serous epithelium
- is the visceral layer of the pericardium
myocardium
- the middle layer of the heart
- is the muscle layer of the heart
- is the thickest of all three layers
endocardium
- is the innermost layer
- is adjacent to the lumen of the heart
- is a type of epithelial tissue
chambers of the heart
- is divided into four chambers:

- superior chambers are always the receiving chambers for blood entering the heart called atria or atrium

- inferior chambers of the heart always serve as exit chambers for blood leaving the heart are called ventricles
septum
dividing wall on the interior of a hollow organ
atrial septum
the wall between the atria
ventricular septum
the wall between the ventricles
anatomical position
the position in the body standing erect, facing the observer, and the hands at the side with the palms facing the observer
right atrioventricular septum
the wall dividing the right atrium and right ventricle
left atrioventricular septum
the wall dividing the left atrium and left ventricle
tricuspid valve
- is also called the right atrioventricular valve

- is the valve opening in the wall between the right atrium and right ventricle

- allows blood to leave the right atrium and enter the right ventricle
bicuspid valve
- also called the mitral valve

- also called the left atrio-ventricular valve

- is the valve opening in the wall between the left atrium and left
ventricle

- allows blood to leave the left atrium and enter the left ventricle
veins
blood vessels that carry the blood in the general direction of the heart
artery
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, have three layers in their walls while arterioles have two
pulmonary circulation
- refers to a blood vascular system which carries blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation then back to the heart

- right ventricle is considered to be the beginning of pulmonary circulation

- left atrium is considered to be the end of pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
- provides for blood circulation to all parts of the body, carrying nutrients and oxygenated blood, then returing back to the heart

- left ventricle is said to be the beginning of systemic circulation

- right atrium is considred to be the end of systemic circulation
right atrium
- has three vessels which will enter the chamber

- superior vena cava: serves to drain the head, upper extremeties and part of the chest, AV Node is located here

- inferior vena cava: drains the abdomen and lower extremeties

- coronary sinus: drains the heart muscle itself

- is the chamber above the triscupid valve

- SA-Node is located here
right ventricle
- contains one large vessel which exits the chamber called the pulmonary trunk or common pulmonary artery, it bifrucates into right and left pulmonary arteries

- is the most inferior chamber of the heart containing oxygen poor blood (de-oxygenated blood)

- pumps de-oxygenated blood into the lungs for oxygen

- is the thinnest muscle chamber
left atrium
- has four pulmonry veins which enters the chamber

- there are two coming from each lung

- serves to return blood from the lungs

- is the most superior chamber of the heart containing oxygenated blood
left ventricle
- only has one large vessel which exits this chamber is called the aorta, or more specifically the ascending aorta

- carries blood towards all parts of the body as part of systemic circulation

- is the thickest muscle chamber

- where the chordinae tendinae of the mitral valve are located

- containes the aortic semilunar valve
aorta
- bifrucates into the right and left common illiac

- 4 parts:

- ascending aorta: first section of the aorta, consists of three branches; brachiocepahlic, left common carotid, subclavian arteries

- is the vessel leaving the heart that carries blood towards all parts of the body

- arch of the aorta: second section of the aorta

- descending aorta: third section of the aorta

- abdominal aorta: final section of the aorta
atrio-ventricular valves
- are made of three different structures:

- the cusps: resemble the dome of a parachute

- the chordae tendineae: are always found in the ventricles
are the minute tendinous chords connecting the atrio-ventricular valves of the heart to the papillary muscles, helps the valves to close properly

- and the papillary muscles: are always found in the ventricles
small cone shaped muscles in the walls of the ventricles
attached to the chordae tendinae
aortic semilunar valve
- exit valve from the left ventricle
- allows blood to enter the aorta
- allows blood to flow away from the heart
- prevents flow of blood back into the heart
pulmonary semilunar valve
- exit valve from the right ventricle
- allows blood to enter the pulmonary artery
- is compromised of three cusps
- allows blood to flow away from the heart
- prevent flow of blood back into the heart
sino-atrial node
- also called SA-Node
- also called the pacemaker
- is located at the back of the right atrium
- is the time keeper for heart contractions
atrio-ventricular node
- is responsible for transmitting the signal to contract to the ventricles
- found next to the opening of the tricuspid valve
systole
the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
diastole
the dilation phase of the cardiac cycle
cardiac cycle
- in a single beat of the heart the atria and the ventricles go through a succession of events which are then repeated with each beat
- consists of three phases: systole, diastole, period of rest
location of the heart
- is located in the middle of the inferior portion of the mediastinal space
- is a little to the left of the median plane of the body
- superior surface of the diaphragm
- left of the midline
- anterior to the vertebral column
- posterior to the sternum
diaphragm
the wall dividing the thoracic from the abdominal cavities
anastomis
the union of the distal ends of two arteries
tunica adventicia, tunica externa
the outer layer of an artery or vein
william harvey
credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood
epithelial tissue
innermost layer of an artery or vein is made up of this type of basic elemental body tissue
longitudinal septum
- divisible into two parts
- atrial septum which separates the two atria
- ventricular septum which separates the two ventricles
horizontal septum
- is divisible into two parts
- the right atrio-ventricular septum
- left atrio-ventricular septum
trabecular carnae
- inner surface of the muscular wall of the ventricles of the heart
- is marked off by many irregular ridges of muscle tissue
- presumably serve to strengthen the heart wall
pericardium
- is the closed sac of serous membrane that surrounds the heart and adheres to the outer surface of the myocardium
or anatomical study

- it is considered to be divisible into two parts called the:

- parietal pericardium

- visceral pericardium: adheres to the outer surface of the myocardium and becomes the outer tunic of the heart; the epicardium

- are separated by the fluid filled pericardial cavity
function of the pericardium
- protect and anchor the heart
- prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
- allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction free environment
myogenic theory
- assumes that the heart muscle cells are endowed with an inherent power of contraction

- the stimulus that excites the contraction comes from certain chemicals present in the blood

- the nerves that lead into the heart are only regulatory in their function
blood flow through the heart
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- pulmonary artery
- lungs
- pulmonary vein
- left atrium
- biscupid valve
- left ventricle
- aortic semilunar valve
- aorta
- to body parts via arteris
- back to right atrium via veins
right atrium
superior vena cava
right atrium
inferior vena cava
right atrium
coronary sinus
left atrium
four pulmonary veins
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk, common pulmonary artery
left ventricle
aorta
right atrium
end of systemic circulation
right ventricle
beginning of pulmonary circulation
left atrium
end of pulmonary circulation
left ventricle
beginning of systemic circulation
right atrium
SA-Node
right atrium
the chamber above the tricuspid valve
left atrium
serves to return blood from the lungs
right ventricle
most inferior chamber of the heart containing oxygen poor blood
right ventricle
pumps de-oxygenated blood into t he lungs for oxygen
right ventricle
thinnest muscle layer
left atrium
most superior chamber of the heart containing oxygenated blood
left ventricle
carries blood towards all parts of the body as part of systemic circulation
left ventricle
the thickest muscle chamber
left ventricle
where the chordinae tendiae of the mitral valve are located
left ventricle
aortic semilunar vlalve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pacemaker
right atrium
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