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Chapter 30 APUSH Terms

Terms in this set (33)

conservatism
a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion
religious fundamentalism
Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state property
political action committees (PACs)
Funding vehicles created by the 1974 campaign finance reforms. A corporation, union, or some other interest group can create this and register it with the Federal Election Commission (FEC), which will meticulously monitor its expenditures.
abortion rights; Roe v. Wade
This court decision legalized the right to abortion and sparked the pro-life movements that united Catholics and fundamentalist Protestants, who believe that life begins at the moment of conception.
reverse discrimination
The assertion that affirmative action programs that require preferential treatment for minorities discriminate against those who have no minority status.
Regents of University of California v. Bakke
A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.
Reaganomics
Also known as "trickle down economics" Reagan combined monetarism and supply side economics. He encouraged the Federal Reserve to keep interest rates high, and asked Congress to pass a massive tax cut. They believed the policy would help corporations and wealthy American's, while only a little bit of the wealth would "trickle down" to average Americans.
evil empire
Ronald Reagan's description of Soviet Union because of his fierce anti-communist views and the USSR's history of violation of human rights and aggression.
Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)
plan called for orbiting battle satellites in space that could fire laser beams to vaporize intercontinental missiles on liftoff.
Irancontra affair
A major scandal marred Reagan's second term. Early in 1986 news leaked out that the administration had negotiated an "arms-for-hostages" deal with the revolutionary Islamic government of Iran. For years the president had denounced Iran as an "outlaw state" and a supporter of terrorism. Now he wanted its help.
Palestine Liberation Organization
a political and paramilitary organization regarded by the Arab league since October 1974 as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people."
Mikhail Gorbachev
Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.
perestroika
a policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society
Boris Yeltsin
First leader of the Russian Republic. His pro-democracy reaction when Gorbachev's push for reform was held off by the Communist establishment was a rallying point for Russian democratic supporters.
Panama invasion
In December, 1989, President Bush sent airborne troops to capture dictator and drug lord Manuel Noriega.
Persian Gulf War (1991)
after Iraq invaded Kuwait, the US invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait; Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire so the Americans couldn't gain the oil; this conflict caused the US to set military bases in Saudi Arabia; also called Operation: Desert Storm
Operation Desert Storm
Operation Desert Storm was the code name given to the first U.S.-led war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf on January 17, 1991.
Americans With Disabilities Act (1990)
A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.
North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
Created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. by lessening and eliminating tariffs
Oklahoma City bombing
Bombing of Murrah Federal Building. The blast, set off by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, killed 168 people, including 19 children in the building's day-care center.
Clinton impeachment and trial
Result of a political sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky.
globalization
The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.
World Trade Organization
An international agency which encourages trade between member nations, administers global trade agreements and resolves disputes when they arise.
European Union (EU)
Economic union between countries in Europe for mutual gain. Originally formed in 1951 as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), it later became the European Community in 1967, then the European Union in 1991.
Bush v. Gore
ruled that Florida recount of presidential votes violated Fourteenth Amendment; recount stopped and Bush became president
No Child Left Behind
Holds states, schools, and school districts more accountable for their standardized tests scores. The wanted outcome was better tests scores all around and overall a smarter and better population of young people that would positively contribute to a growing America
terrorism, war on
Terrorism and countries supporting it (supposedly); much of the terrorism on the US was caused by Middle Eastern countries, mainly as results of the Persian Gulf War and the placement of US troops in Palestine following the war.
September 11, 2001 attacks on the U.S.
often referred to as September 11th or 9/11 (pronounced as "nine eleven"), were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001.
al Qaeda
a network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001
Afghanistan
a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia
axis of evil
statement made by President Bush that created a stir of controversy regarding Iran's international relations with western countries; Iran's nuclear energy may threaten the peace of the world
Iraq war
The USA went to war with Saddam Hussein because Hussein kicked out UN weapons inspectors, he was building weapons of mass destruction, he didn't obey the no-fly zones limitations, he was a savage dictator.
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Operation where U.S. troops invaded Iraq and Saddam's forces collapsed almost immediately. Baghdad fell, and Saddam and other Iraqi leaders went into hiding. In the months that followed Saddam and many of his supporters were captured
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