Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Biology I final

Terms in this set (51)

Plasma
Liquid portion of blood; mostly water and dissolved stuff
Platelets
Not cells-granular bodies; important clot formation
Red blood cells
No nucleus; formed in the liver in embryos and the bone marrow in adults; carry oxygen
Hemoglobin
Iron based, oxygen carrying molecule on the red blood cells surface
White blood cells
Formed by bone marrow; body defense
Blood vessels
Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart
Pulmonary arteries
Carry oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs
Veins
Carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart
Pulmonary vein
Carries O2 rich blood from the lungs to the heart
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels, connect smallest arteries and veins
Heart
4 chambered; separated by one way valves
Pericardium
Membranous bag which contains a lubricating fluid-reduces friction
Ventricles
Lower, muscular thick-walled chambers of the heart; pump blood out of the heart
Atrium
Upper, thin-walled chambers of the heart; receive blood returning to the heart
Spleen
Structured like a sponge-full of hollow spaces; holds a reserve emergency blood supply for the body
Lymph
Clear fluid containing leukocytes; forms from blood plasma components which escape from the capillaries
Phagocytes
Engulf and destroy invading bacteria
Pus
Dead phagocytes and dead bacteria
Lymphocytes
Mature in the lymphoid tissues; produce chemicals to combat foreign proteins
Physical digestion
Breaking food up into smaller pieces
Chemical digestion
Food is chemically altered
Teeth
For physical digestion
Incisors
For biting
Canines
For biting and tearing
Premolars and molars
For crushing and grinding
Hard palate
Roof of mouth-hard upper surface provided for the tongue to smash food against
Salivary glands
Produce saliva which moistens and lubricates food; begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates; contains some antimicrobial agents
Pharynx
Where the digestive and respiratory tracts meet at the back of the mouth
Epiglottis
Flap of tissue that covers and blocks the opening to the trachea tract while swallowing
Espphagus
Muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach; contains circular rings of muscle which contract to push food toward the stomach
Peristalsis
Muscular wave of smooth muscle contractions which pushes food through the digestive tract
Sphincter muscle
A circular ring of muscle
Stomach
A very muscular organ; serves mainly in physical digestion
Gastric glands
Produce gastric juice, containing HCl, for physical digestion
Mucosa
The mucus producing membrane that covers the inside of the stomach, protecting it from the gastric juice
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle that separates the stomach and the small intestine
Small intestine
Where the actual absorption of nutrients takes place
Villi
Fingerlike projections off of the intestinal wall-increases surface area
Microvilli
Microprojections off of villi
Duodenum
First part of small intestine; lots of substances added here
Liver
Adds bile
Bile
Aids in emulsification of fats; stored in the gall bladder
Pancreas
Adds pancreatic juice
Intestinal glands
Adds intestinal juice
Endocrine system
A system of glands which secrete their products directly into the blood stream
Hormones
Chemical messengers which are produced in one part of the body which have an effect on some other body part or parts
Thyroid gland
In the throat; regulate metabolic growth
Islets of langerhans
Hormones deal with blood sugar
Insulin
Causes glucose to be taken out of the bloodstream and stored as glycogen
Glucagon
Causes liver and muscles to return glucose to the blood stream
Vomemasal organ
Located inside nose; possible receptor sight for pheromones in humans
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...