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Chapter 11 Sections 1 - 4

Terms in this set (57)

nationalism
a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation
militarism
building up armed forces to prepare for war
Allies
Included Great Britain, France, Russia, later joined by the US
Central Powers
Included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
young heir whose assassination triggered the war
No Man's Land
space between armies fighting each other
trench warfare
fighting between fortified ditches
Lusitania
British passenger ship attacked and sunk by Germans
Zimmermann note
message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico
Name two causes of World War I.
Imperialism, countries tried to increase the power and influence around the world. Next was Militarism which meant building up armies, navies, and other armed forces. It also meant using them as a tool for negotiation with other countries
Why did the assassination lead to fighting?
Alliance system pulled one nation after another into the conflict
Why did the fighting take place in France?
Germany thought they could overrun France, and then attack Russia but France stopped them
What were three things that influenced Americans' feelings about the war?
Socialists saw the war as an imperialist struggle between German and English businessmen. Pacifists believed all wars were bad. Immigrants sympathized with their homelands. Most sympathized with Great Britain and France, strong economic ties.
In what ways did the war affect American citizens?
Some were killed on the Lusitania...
What are the three incidents that led the United States to declare war?
Germany announced it would sink all ships in British waters, British agents intercept the Zimmermann note, Replacement of Russian monarchy with a representative government allowed Americans to characterize the war as a struggle of democracies against brutal monarchies.
Selective Service Act
law requiring men to register for military service
convoy system
having merchant ships travel in groups protected by warships
American Expeditionary Force
the name given to the American military force that fought in World War I
General John J. Pershing
commander of the American Expeditionary force
Eddie Rickenbacker
famous American fighter pilot
Alvin York
American war hero
conscientious objector
a person who believes fighting is wrong and therefore does not want to serve in the military
armistice
truce agreement
How did the United States build up its armed forces?
Congress passed the Selective Service Act, and drafted three million men
How did the United States help the Allies/
by setting up the convoy system
Name two new weapons used in the war..
tank and airplane
What hardships did soldiers face in World War I?
soldiers were faced with filth, trench foot, trench mouth, "shell shock", vermin, poison gas, and disease
How did American troops help end the war?
Stopped the German advance on Paris and assisted the Allies
Which nation suffered the most casualties?
Austria-Hungary
War Industries Board
agency to improve efficiency in war-related industries
Bernard M. Baruch
leader of the War Industries Board
propaganda
a kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions
George Creel
head of the committee on Public Information (CPI), the government's propaganda agency
Espionage and Sedition Acts
laws that enacted harsh penalties against anyone opposing US participation in World War I
Great Migration
movement of many African Americans to north cities from the South in the early 1900s
How did Wilson control the economy?
by creating the War Industries board, to boost industrial production
How did the United States government pay for the war?
increased several taxes and sold war bonds
How did the Espionage and Sedition Acts contradict the first amendment?
by violating the the freedom of speech
How did women's roles change during the war?
they started doing jobs that were previously only done by men
Fourteen Points
Wilson's plan for world peace following World War I
League of nations
an international peace-keeping organization proposed by Wilson and founded in 1920
Georges Clemenceau
French premier (helped with the fourteen points)
David Lloyd George
British prime minister (helped with fourteen points)
Treaty of Versailles
the 1919 treaty that ended World War I
reparations
payments made by defeated countries after a war
war-guilt clause
part of the Treaty of Versailles in which Germany took responsibility for the war
Henry Cabot Lodge
conservative senator who wanted to keep the United States out of the League of Nations
What did Wilson's first five points address?
ways that wars could be avoided
What did Wilson's remaining eight points address?
suggested new national boundaries
Name the three weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles.
harsh treatment of Germany, Soviet Union lost more territory than Germany did, and did not recognize the claims of colonies for self-determination
What were the long-term results of the war?
Strengthened US military power and the power of governments, propaganda campaign left behind mistrust and fear, and left Europe war torn
Food Administration
established by Wilson to produce and conserve food supplies
Imperialism
countries tried to increase the power and influence around the world
Militarism
used military as a tool for negotiating with other countries
Nationalism
a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation
Propaganda
biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions
Schlieffen Plan
german plan to win the war
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