G10 Year-end Exam Vocabulary

Terms in this set (74)

the supreme power to act within its territory and to control its external affairs

rulers that are seen as right and proper by important segments of a nation's population

divine right of kings

kings often claimed that their power stemmed from the will of God

a system of rule in which one person or a small group of people can hold unlimited power over government, which is usually controlled by force

a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting for elected officials

a system of beliefs, ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

the belief that the best government is absolutely no government

the belief that a single ruler should have control over every aspect of the government and of the people's lives

the belief in the freedom of individuals and that the government must protect individual freedoms

the belief in the established and traditional practices in politics and society

a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

the belief that an individual's loyalty to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests

a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc , and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism

the belief and aim that women should have the same political, economic, and social rights, power, and opportunities as men

Social Contract

a government's authority is based on the consent of the people In exchange for rights, people give the government the power to make and enforce laws

government by the few, especially autocratic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes

an indirect form of democracy in which people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf

a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

the practice of requiring people to serve in the armed forces by law

a war fought with restricted commitment of resources to achieve a limited objective; restricted by geography, targets, or weapons

a war between two factions or regions of the same country often over ethnic, religious, political, territorial or ideological issues

group already in power or control of the country

people who rebel against their government or the group in control

coup d'etat / coup

a sudden attempt by a small group of people to take over the government usually through violence

guerrilla warfare

a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes

cold war (concept)

a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular

inflation / hyperinflation

a continual increase in the price of goods and services and fall in the purchasing value of money; when the value of a currency falls rapidly and leads to an extreme rise in the price of goods

revolutionary war

war that aims to bring about a major or fundamental change through violence and mutiny, with the goal of drastically altering or overthrowing the current government

a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from ditches facing each other, lead to the development of the tank

an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce

conventional warfare

the battling of armies on open ground, including rapid movement of armies and constantly changing lines of battle example eastern front in the first and second world wars

a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world

to incorporate a territory into another country or to take control of (a territory or place)

a strategy to win a war or battle by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in soldiers and lack of resources

a policy of giving concessions to an aggressor in hopes to avoid an immediate confrontation or war

the integration of economic, political and cultural systems across the globe the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected

the flow of goods and services across national borders with little or no government controls or interference

transnational corporation (TNC)

a large company that has operations in more than one country

a business or factory in which employees work long hours at low wages under poor conditions

taxes that are paid when importing or exporting goods and services between countries

Gross National Income (GNI)

the total value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country

"Shrinking world"

the feeling of distant places becoming increasingly closer and accessible

an agreement between states, regions, or countries, to reduce barriers to trade between the participating regions

a business practice in which a company hires another company or an individual to perform tasks, or provide services that had previously been done by the company's own employees

moving operations from the country where a company is headquartered to a country where pay rates are lower, but the necessary skills are available

comparative advantage

the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can

protective tariff

a tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation's businesses from foreign competition

a limited or fixed number or amount of people or things, in particular

a state which has extensive the ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale through the means of technological, cultural, military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic international relations and soft power influence

economic globalization

the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information

political globalization

the amount of political co-operation that exists between different countries creation of global organizations such as the world trade organization (wto), organization not defined by countries or borders

cultural globalization

the rapid movement of ideas, attitudes, meanings, values and cultural products across national borders

cultural homogenization

the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols—not only physical objects but customs, ideas and values

legal process available for an individual who is overextended financially and is unable to pay debts

something that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back a loan

a person that assumes responsibility for the loan if a borrower doesn't repay usually someone with better credit than the borrower like a parent

a set period of time during which repayment of your loans is delayed

when an object decreases in value

a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make money

event which occurs when a homeowner stops making mortgage payments and the mortgage lender takes possession of the property in order to sell it; the homeowner does not have the right to any money which comes from the sale of the home

financial services for poor, low-income clients, including the provision of microcredit loans

a small loan typically for financing entrepreneurial projects by impoverished individuals and groups especially in poor or developing regions

a type of loan to purchase property or real estate where the property or real estate is used as collateral

a loan in which the borrower pledges some asset as collateral for the loan, which then becomes a secured debt owed to the creditor who gives the loan

unsecured loans

a loan in which the individual does not offer collateral; sometimes called personal or signature loans

a moneylender who charges extremely high rates of interest, typically under illegal conditions

the capacity of countries and groups to maintain themselves by reducing factors that threaten well-being

the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work

the steps between the initial producer(s) and the final consumer

a way of buying and selling products that makes certain that the people who produce the goods receive a reasonable price

fairtrade minimum price

the lowest possible price that a buyer of fairtrade products must pay the producer it guarantees that producer groups receive a price which covers what it costs them to grow their crop

fairtrade premium

an additional sum of money paid that farmers and workers invest in social, environmental and economic developmental projects to improve their businesses and their communities

corporate social responsibility

the concept that a business choses to operate in ways that enhance society and the environment, instead of contributing negatively to them

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