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Biology Cell Energy Test

Terms in this set (66)

what are the energy producing molecules in cells
ATP
ATP stores _____________ in the bonds between _____________ groups
energy, phosphate
When a bond between _________________ groups is broken, energy is ________________
phosphate, released
3 parts of ATP
one adenine, one ribose, three phosphate groups
ADP has _____ phosphate groups
two
AMP has _______ phosphate group
one
ADP is
adenosine diphosphate
AMP is
adenosine monophosphate
ATP ___________ a phosphate and ___________ energy using oxygen
loses, releases
ADP ________ a phosphate during cellular respiration
gains
process of using light energy to produce chemical energy in the form of glucose
photosynthesis
producers like plants, algae and some bacteria ________ energy from the _________, and build glucose molecules
trap, sun
light energy is converted to ______________ energy
chemical
chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
molecules that absorb light
pigments
main pigment in photosynthesis
chlorophyll
light is absorbed by pigments in the chloroplasts called _________________
chlorophyll
chlorophyll is a __________ pigment that absorbs most wavelengths of _____________ light
green, visible
all the energy from the sun
electromagnetic spectrum
ROY G BIV
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
light reaction takes place in the _______________ of the chloroplast
thylakoid
in a light reaction, the light energy is converted into _____ and energy caring molecule ____________ is produced
ATP, NADPH
is oxygen given off in a light reaction?
yes
in a dark reaction, ______ energy and hydrogen from ____________ is used to convert CO2 into glucose
ATP, NADPH
the dark reaction take place in the __________ of the chloroplast
stroma
is light needed in a dark reaction?
no
the process of breaking down food molecules to produce energy
cellular respiration
chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O
anaerobic respiration
uses no oxygen
aerobic respiration
uses oxygen
during glycolysis, glucose is broken down into _____ molecules of pyruvic acid
2
where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
does glycolysis require oxygen?
no
to start glycolysis, ____ ATP's are used, ____ ATP's are made during the reaction, therefore a net gain of _____ ATP's
2, 4, 2
if oxygen is present, pyruvic acid moves into the ________________ where aerobic respiration takes place
mitochondria
in kreb's cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down to release ________ and _________
CO2, 2ATP
during kreb's cycle, high energy carrier molecules are produced which are
NADH and FADH2
during electron transport chain, _______ and ________ drop off electrons to the ETC, used the power production of ATP
NADH, FADH2
during electron transport chain, __________ is used to make water and 32ATP
oxygen
lactic acid fermentation occurs in
humans
lactic acid fermentation occurs when __________ is scarce
oxygen
in lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into 2 molecules of ___________________ and 2 molecules of ________
lactic acid, ATP
in alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is conveyed into these 3 things
ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and 2ATP
organisms like yeast and bacteria use this process to produce energy without the use of oxygen
alcoholic fermentation
when yeast is used to make bread, the ______________ causes bubbles to form in the dough
carbon dioxide
organisms that make their own food
autotrophs
site of photosynthesis
chloroplasts
process occurs in a mitochondrian
kreb's cycle
C6H12O6
glucose
process does not require oxygen
anaerobic
process requires oxygen
aerobic
energy storing molecule
ATP
the anaerobic process of splitting glucose and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid
glycolysis
the ability to do work
energy
what is pyruvic acid changed into in lactic acid fermentation
converted into 2 molecules of lactic acid and 2 molecules of ATP
what is pyruvic acid changed into in alcoholic fermentation
converted to ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP
3 processes of cellular respiration
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
# of ATP produced in glycolysis
4 (2)
# of ATP produced in citric acid
2
# of ATP produced in electron transport
32
starting molecule in light reaction
water
products of light reaction
oxygen, NADH, FADH2
starting molecules of dark reaction
carbon dioxide
products of dark reaction
glucose
when does your body use lactic acid fermentation
when oxygen is not available
who do photosynthesis and aerobic respiration compare
they are opposites
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