Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Human body system Packet KHS

Terms in this set (82)

brain
organ that controls your body
cerebrum
largest and most prominent region. responsible for voluntary actions, site of intelligence, learning and judgement
medulla oblongata
responsible for all involuntary activities including breathing and heart beat
cerebellum
responsible for efficient and graceful movements of muscles
sensory neuron
type of neuron that carries impulses from the sensory organs to the BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
motor neuron
type of neuron that carries impulses from the BRAIN to muscles and glands
interneuron
type of neuron that connects SENSORY and MOTOR neurons
axon
long membrane covered with MYELIN (LIPID) that carries impulses from the cell body to the axon terminals
dendrite
receives impulses from another neuron and passes it onto the cell body
central nervous system
branch of nervous system that contains brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
branch of nervous system that includes all neurons not part of the brain and spinal cord
spinal cord
transmit the impulse to the brain
eye ball
Light passes through the CORNEA, a transparent, protective covering. The LENS is the "skittle" looking thing that completes focusing of the light ray. The SCLERA is the white part that protects. The colored part of the eye is called the IRIS is made of MUSCLE tissue that controls the size of PUPIL
ear
sound waves first enter through the AUDITORY CANAL, which vibrates the TYMPANUM (EAR DRUM). The vibrations are carried on through the MALLEUS, INCUS, and STAPES (HAMMER, ANVIL, STIRRUP), which is attached to the OVAL WINDOW where the sound waves changed into pressure waves. Pressure waves enter the COCHLEA, where a nerve impulse is created and transferred to the brain through the AUDITORY NERVE. The semicircular canals in the ear are for BALANCE, not hearing, also not involved in hearing is the EUSTACHIAN TUBE which is used for draining the sinuses.
Epidermis
Layer that contains the protein KERATIN that waterproofs your skin, and the protein MELANIN that gives your skin its color
Dermis
The middle layer of skin that contains blood vessels, HAIR FOLLICLES, nail follicles, sensory receptors, and the SWEAT and OIL glands
Hypodermis
Innermost layer that stores FAT
thymus
Helps with immunity by producing hormones, white blood cells aka T cells (triangle shaped organ in thoracic cavity)
integumantary system functions
Protection, sensory info, regulation of temp, vitamin production
axial skeleton
division of the skeleton that contains cranium, MANDIBLE, vertebrae, costas, sternum, sacrum, and COCCYX (center bones of the system)
Appendicular skeleton
Division of the skeleton that contains arms, legs, clavicle, scapula, and PELVIS
Spongy Bone
part of bone structure that contains marrow. Red marrow is the location of RED BLOOD cell production, Yellow marrow-site of FAT storage
periosteum
the tough protective layer that surrounds the bone
compact bone
the outer dense layer of bone
skeletal
type of muscle thetis voluntary, striated, and multinucleated. Found attached to the BONES
cardiac
type of muscle that is involuntary, striated, and only found in the HEART
smooth
type of muscle that is involuntary and smooth, found in DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, VESSELS, BLADDER ETC
sarcomeres
contracting units of muscle fibers, made up of two proteins: ACTIN AND MYOSIN
Kidney
main organ of excretion that removes UREA from the blood
Ureter
Tubes leading from kidney to urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
muscle sack that stores urine
urethra
vessel through which urine leaves the body
Nephron
Main functional part of the kidney; GLOMERULUS is where filtration occurs and is located in the BOWMAN'S capsule
Mouth
Mechanical digestion of food begins. Wad of chewed food called a BOLUS
Digastricus muscles
Skeletal muscle that opens mouth; makes mandible go down
Masseter Muscles
skeletal muscle that closes the mouth
Salivary Gland
Secrete saliva into the mouth, which moistens the food and contains the enzymes AMYLASE, which begins chemical digestion of starches and LYSOZYME breaks down the cell wall of BACTERIA
Esophogus
Food tube leading from mouth to stomach. Bolus is moved through contraction of smooth muscles called PERISTALSIS
Stomach
Very muscular sac that mechanically digests all food. Secretes:
HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCl)- causes it to be acidic and activates Pepsin
PEPSIN- begins chemical digestion of PROTEINS
MUCUS- lines and protects
Acidic food is now called CHYME
Liver
Bile is secreted to continue mechanical digestion of lipids. Also stores GLYCOGEN (storage of excess CARBOHYDRATES)
Pancreas
SODIUM CARBONATE (baking soda) is secreted to neutralize chyme as it enters; also secretes digestive ENZYMES to complete chemical digestion of biomolecules
Small Intestine
Nutrients absorbed through VILLI- projections that increase surface area
Large Intestine
Site of WATER absorption. Contains colonies of BACTERIA for VITAMIN K production
Rectum
Storage of solid waste
Atrium
Receiving chambers of the heart (smaller top section) right to body,left to lungs
Ventricle
Pumping chambers of the heart ,left to body, right to lungs
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart and contains VALVES to keep the blood flowing in one direction. Largest one is the VENA CAVA
Carries oxygen POOR blood, except for PULMONARY VEIN
Capillary
Smallest blood vessels where the exchange of CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN occur
Artery
Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart. largest one is the AORTA. Carries oxygen RICH blood, except for the PULMONARY ARTERY
Spleen
Red blood cell cemetery
Blood cells
Our blood is made up of red blood cells which contain HEMOGLOBIN, for OXYGEN carrying capability, WHITE BLOOD CELLS for fighting infection, platelets which are FRAGMENTS of cells to help form clots and plasma proteins
Valves
PREVENT BACKFLOW OF BLOOD
trachea
Passageway for air; compose of rings of CARTILAGE to keep it from collapsing as air passes through; branches into two BRONCHI, which further branch into BRONCHIOLES
Lung
Oxygen - Carbon Dioxide exchange occurs in alveoli of lung and capillary of circulatory system
Diaphragm
Contraction causes air to rush, inflate; composed SKELETAL MUSCLE tissue
Breathing
Controlled by MEDULLA, which monitors the concentration of OXYGEN in the blood
Pancreas
Secretes INSULIN when blood glucose concentration is high; GLUCAGON when blood glucose concentration is low
Adrenal gland
Secretes epinephrine (adrenaline); known as "FIGHT OR FLIGHT" hormone to give rat super strength!
Thyroid
Secretes THYROXIN for metabolism
Pituitary Gland
Master gland- one of many hormones produced is the HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
Scrotum/Testes
Scrotum= sac containing testes
Testes produce SPERM; secrete hormone TESTOSTERONE
Vesicular glands (aka seminal vesicles)
Add fluid to sperm to make semen (shrimp shaped)
Ovaries
Produce, release egg cells, and production of estrogen
Uterus
Site of embryo development: female rat has 2 uteri
Vagina
Passageway from sperm to come in, baby to go out
Ligament
Connects bone to bone
Joint
Place where 2 bones meet
Pace maker
small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium, trigger impulses that stimulates contractions of cardiac muscle cells
blood pressure
the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries, Regulated by the autonomic nervous system and the kidneys because they control the amount of water in the blood
nasal cavity
Begins the process of warming, filtering and moisturizing air
Pharynx
the upper portion of the throat
Larynx
Band of tissue that tightens, creates sound
intercostal muscles
Contract to further increase the volume of chest cavity
Epiglottis
Closes over the trachea when swallowing to prevent food from getting in the respiratory tract
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
origin
attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
insetion
Bone moved by contractions
Flexor
Muscle that caused limb to bend at joint
Extensor
Muscle that causes limb to straighten at joint
fallopian tubes
where fertilization takes place, passage for egg cell
vas deferens
Tubes that transport sperm to urethra
bubourethral glands
Produces Acid neutralizer to protect sperm from urine in urethra
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...