BJU Science 6 Final 2019-a

Terms in this set (20)

scientific process
method by which scientists formulate a hypothesis, gather data by observation and experimentation, and come to a conclusion
independent variable
The factor that you change/test in your experiment.
dependent variable
The factor that may change in response to altering the independent variable; the factor you measure.
hypothesis
A testable prediction; if I change the independent variable, then I expect to see this change in my dependent variable because....
constants
Conditions that stay the same in the experiment (you attempt to keep all the same except your independent variable).
force
A push or a pull exerted on an object in order to change the motion of the object; contact or field.
potential energy
Stored energy (often based on position).
kinetic energy
Energy due to motion/movement.
motion
An object's change in position relative to a reference point.
speed
The rate at which an object travels (determined by dividing the distance by the amount of time taken to travel that distance).
velocity
The direction AND distance an object moves over a given amount of time (speed plus direction).
acceleration
Change in velocity during a period of time - occurs whenever an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.
first law of motion
Newton's Law which states that an object tends to stay at rest or at a constant velocity unless an unbalanced force acts on it; law of inertia.
second law of motion
Newton's Law stating that force is equal to an object's mass and the acceleration of the object (F=ma); "to move a mass, you need a force."
third law of motion
Newton's law explaining when one object exerts a force on another object, the second object reacts by exerting an equal and opposite force back (action--reaction).
work
A force acting on something as it MOVES a certain distance does this.
simple machine
One of the six basic types of machines which make work easier, which are the basis for all other forms of machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclinced plane, wedge, screw.
effort force
The force you apply to a simple machine.
resistance force
The force that works against the effort you are applying (may be from the mass you are trying to lift, gravity, friction, etc.).
engineering design process
A series of steps used to assist in designing and developing new products, devices, and systems to solve a problem.
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