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Biology EOC review NC set #1.

Terms in this set (64)

What is the sugar called in DNA?
Deoxyribose
How many strands does the DNA have?
Two
What does the Helix Look Like?
A Twisted Ladder
Where is DNA found?
In The Nucleus
What 3 parts make up a nucleotide?
A sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
What bonds with Adenine?
Thymine
What bonds with Adenine in mRNA?
Uracil
What Bonds with Guanine?
Cytosine.
What is the complementary strand to the DNA strand below:
A T C G A T C
T A G C T A G
What is the complementary mRNA strand to the strand below?-
A T C G A T C
U A G C U A G
What is DNA held together by?
Hydrogen Bonds.
Are The bonds that hold the DNA strands together strong or weak?
weak.
Why are the bonds that hold the DNA together strong/weak.
SO they can separate during replication.
What happens after DNA replicates itself?
It creates another DNA.
Where does replication take place?
In The Nucleus.
Where are proteins synthesized?
The Ribosomes.
What is transcription?
When the DNA in the nucleus makes MRNA- a message.
What is translation?
AWhere MRNA travels to the ribosomes; the rRNA then reads the message in sets of three. It then changes them to amino acids. The tRNA transports the amino acids to the ribosomes to be changed to proteins.
What is the sugar in rRNA?
Ribose.
What holds proteins together?
Peptide bonds.
Are mutations random?
No.
What causes mutations?
Mutagens.
Name two types of mutagens:
Radiation and UV rays.
Three types of mutations-
Point, Frameshift, Nondisjunction.
What is point mutations?
A change in one base pair
What are frameshift mutations?
One base pair is added or deleted, everything shifts, most of the amino acids will change.
What is nondisjunction?
Failure for chromosomes to separate properly.
How can you tell if a person has Down Syndrome?
They have another chromosome on the 21st pair.
What is genotype?
The genetic makeup of a living thing.
What is phenotype?
The physical appearance of a living thing.
What is a dominant trait?
A trait that covers the other gene.
What is a recessive trait?
A trait that is masked by the other trait.
What is incomplete dominance?
A blending of traits. Red+White=Pink.
What is Codominance?
Both colors show up in the offspring. Black+White=Checkered. Think C=checkered.
Multiple alleles?
A, B, O, AB.
PolyGENIC traits?
More than one allele for a GENE.
Multiple alleles
More than one allele for a TRAIT.
Sex-Linked?
Only appears in people of that gender.
In pedigrees, a circle represents a...
Female.
In pedigrees, a square represents a...
Male.
In pedigrees a circle with a line through it is a...
Dead Female.
In pedigrees a circle that is half filled is...
A Female Carrier.
In Pedigrees, a square filled completely is a...
Male with the disorder.
Asexual is...
Mitosis.
Sexual is...
Meiosis.
Asexual produces how many cells?
Two.
Sexual produces how many cells?
Four.
In Asexual, what happens?
The cell divides.
In asexual, they have how many parents?
One.
In Sexual, they have how many parents?
Two.
Sexual process to make offspring is callled...
Fertilization.
Sexual Reproduction has genetic variation/clone?
Genetic variation.
Asexual has genetic variation/clone?
clone.
What was the purpose of the human genome project?
To find the location of all of the chromosomes and their function so as we can manipulate genes.
independent assortment is... answer will be...
ST, st, St, sT.
A chart that compares individuals to crime scenes and children to parents is called...
Gel Electrophoresis
Insulin is mass produced by what...
Bacteria.
For seed shape in Mendel's theory, what are the traits?
round and wrinkled.
For seed color in Mendel's theory, what are the traits?
green and yellow.
For Flower color in Mendel's Theory, what are the traits?
purple and white.
Fr flower position in Mendel's Theory, what are the traits?
Axial and terminal.
For pod color in Mendel's theory, what are the traits?
green and yellow.
For pod shape in Mendel's theory, what are he traits?
Inflated and constricted.
For plant height in Mendel's theory, what are the traits?
tall and short.
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