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S.S. midterm

Terms in this set (69)

Radical Republicans
Political party that wanted radical reform of Southern states after civil war
Jim Crow Laws
Southern laws passed to segregate schools, hospitals, public places, transportation, and make it nearly impossible for blacks to vote
black codes
Southern laws that severely limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War
Freedmen
Enslaved people who had been freed by the war
Freedmen's Bureau
government agency founded during Reconstruction to help former slaves
Assassination of Lincoln
1865; Lincoln shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth; Andrew Johnson, his Vice President, takes office
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
13. abolished slavery
14. Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
15. citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or previous condition of servitude
Radical Reconstruction
Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war
10% Plan
Lincoln's reconstruction plan for the south. Written in 1863, it proclaimed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters in the 1860 election pledged their allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation, and then formally erect their state governments.
literacy test
A difficult test given to people to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote, designed to prevent blacks from voting
Ku Klux Klan
secret white supremacy organization that used violence to intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties, founded in 1860s
poll tax
a tax every adult man
had to pay in order to vote, without reference to income or resources.
Segregation
Separation of people based on race, or ethnicity
Scalawags
A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners
Grandfather Clause
A clause in registration laws allowing people who have ancestors who have voted before to skip the literacy test. This was made so whites can vote and black cant.
Carpetbaggers
A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states
who won election of 1868
Ulysses S. Grant, Republican
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Plessy sat on a white bus but was kicked off because he was 1/8 % black. The case was brought to supreme court by black lawsuits to challenge the legality of segregation. The court ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was "equal" - "Separate but Equal"
Reconstruction
Rebuilding the South after the Civil war, the period when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union.
Compromise of 1877
democrats agreed to accept Hayes's victory if all remaining federal troops were removed from the south
Cotton Kingdom
Areas in the south where cotton farming developed because of the high demand for cotton
Eli Whitney
Invented the cotton gin
Cottonacracy
name for wealthy planters who made their money from cotton in the mid-1800s southern states
CSA
South
Jefferson Davis
Richmond
Nat Turner
United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia killing from 55 to 65 people, at least 51 of the 55 being white.
Dorthea Dix
social reformer who worked to improve the treatment of the mentally ill. Appointed superintendant of women nurses for the Union forces.
54th Massachusetts
All African American regiment. Lead by Robert Gould Shaw. Were not getting payed equally so they refused there pay.
Fort Sumpter
First battle of the Civil War, CSA won
Battle of Gettysburg
Bloodiest battle of the Civil War, Union won. Pickets charge
Battle of Antietam
Bloodiest day in US history, Union won. Over 22,000 causalities. Lincoln declared the emancipation proclamation
Appomattox Court House
Virginia town that was the site of the Confederate surrender in 1865
Abolitionist
A person who wanted to end slavery
William Lloyd Garrison
1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
Underground Railroad
a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada
Seneca Falls Convention
(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written
Susan B. Anthony
Key leader of womens' suffrage movement
Sojourner Truth
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)
Frederick Douglass
(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He founded an abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.
Emancipation Proclamation
an 1863 declaration by President Lincoln freeing enslaved African Americans in Confederate territory
Battle of the Ironclads
First naval battle, Tie
Pickett's Charge
CSA attack on the center on the union lines
Vicksburg
the battle where the union took controll of the mississippi, or the stragetic key of the civil war
Comstock Lode
First discovered in 1858 by Henry Comstock, some of the most plentiful and valuable silver was found here, causing many Californians to migrate here, and settle Nevada.
Boomtowns and Ghost towns
lived in tents, more people came when they discovered gold, or coal. When people left Boomtowns becamen deserted
Cattle Kingdom
End of C.W, new source of meat was needed
John James Audubon
1785-1851 American artist who drew birds, mammals, plants, and other subjects of nature giving special attention to the relationship between animals and their habitats.
Transcontinental Railroad
Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west
Cow towns
places where the cattle was herded to to be loaded onto a train and shipped back east. "cowboys" wanted a place to stay or something to eat so towns were built around these railroad stops.
cattle drives
cowboys drove herds of cattle along trails to be shipped to the East by railroad.
Homestead Act
1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years
Plains Indians
A diverse group of Indian tribes and their languages that inhabited the West, in constant conflict with western settlers
Fort Laramie
1851 treaty with indian nations located near .... ....... in wyoming. the treaty asked each indian nation to keep to a limited area in return for money, domestic animals, agricultural tools, and other goods (reservations- theirs forever)
Sand Creek Massacre
In Colorado territory in 1864, U.S army colonel John M. Chivington led a surprise attack on a peaceful Cheyenne settlement along Sand Creek River. The Cheyenne under Chief Black kettle tried to surrender. First he waved the America Flag and the White flag of surrender. Chivington ignored the gestures. The U.S army killed about 200 Cheyenne during the conflict
Battle of Little Bighorn
In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died
Geronimo
Apache leader who fought U.S. soldiers to keep his land. He led a revolt of 4,000 of his people after they were forced to move to a reservation in Arizona.
Wounded Knee Massacre
In December 1890, Army troops captured some of Sitting Bull's followers and took them to a camp. 300 Sioux men, women, and children were killed (See notes)
Bessemer Process
Innovation that cut steel production time from 2 weeks to 15 minutes
Cornelius Vanderbilt
A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.
J.P. Morgan
An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies.
John D. Rockefeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
Andrew Carnegie
Built a steel mill empire;
I screenshotted this
so proud
Reservation
a limited area set aside for Native Americans
Sherman's March to the Sea
during the civil war, a devastating total war military campaign, led by union general William Tecumseh Sherman, that involved marching 60,000 union troops through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah and destroying everything along there way.
Gettysburg Address
(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights
Strategies of Civil War
The North came up with a plan to win the war known as the "Anaconda Plan."
This plan had three parts:
1. Blockade of southern coastline
2. Take control of Mississippi river
3. Take Richmond Virginia
The south wanted to:
1. Fight defensive war.
2. Get help from European nations because of "King Cotton"
3. Take Washington DC if possible
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States
John Wilkes Booth
actor who Assassinated Abraham Lincoln in 1865
Thaddeus Stevens
A Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress.
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