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Biology Vocab

Terms in this set (31)

laws of segregation
two alleles for each trait must seperate when gametes are formed
Allele
Different forms of a gene
Heterozygote
organism that inherits two different alleles for a given gene
dominant allele
expressed allele in a heterozygote
Homozygote
organism that inherits two alleles of the same type for a given gene
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Hybrid
Offspring of cross pollination
pollination
the fertilization step in the sexual reproduction of plants
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
law of independent assortment
the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
recessive allele
allele not expressed in a heterozygote
ABO blod type
an example of a chartistic due to multiple alleles
Codominance
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
incomplete dominance
Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Probability
likelihood that a particular event will occur
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Punnett Square
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Phenotype
physical characteristics of an organism
polygenic characteristics
personal traits or physical properties that are influenced by many genes working in combination
asexual reproduction
Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
life cycle
The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
crossing over
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
gametes
sex cells
Diploid
2 sets of chromosomes
gametogenes
creation of gametes
sexual reproduction
A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
egg
female gamete
Haploid
an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
Zygote
fertilized egg
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