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N444 Exam 1 Questions

Terms in this set (80)

You are wanting to measure the annual cumulative incidence of AIDS in your state in 2017. What would be the best strategy to determine the correct denominator for this calculation?

a. Use the 2017 census data of the state's population

b. Use the 2017 census population data and subtract the number of people reported to your state with AIDS at the beginning of 2017

c. Use the number of new AIDS cases reported to your state at the beginning of the year

d. Use the person-time measure to correct your population estimate.
b. Use the 2017 census population data and subtract the number of people reported to your state with AIDS at the beginning of 2017
You are wanting to measure the annual cumulative incidence of AIDS in your state in 2017. What would you use as your numerator?

a. Use the age adjusted mortality rate for AIDS in 2017 in your state.

b. Use the number of people in your state reporting risky sexual behavior on the BRFSS

c. Use the number of new AIDS cases reported in your state for 2017

d. Use the average number of AIDS cases over the past 3 years.
c. Use the number of new AIDS cases reported in your state for 2017`
What does this annual cumulative incidence tell you about AIDS in your state in 2017?

a. Helps you understand the risk of AIDS in the state in 2017.

b. Describes the burden of AIDS in the state in that year.

c. Tells you poor care was provided to your population.

d. Is a cry for an increase in HIV medication programs.
a. Helps you understand the risk of AIDS in the state in 2017.
You are a public health nurse following a population of 100 middle aged and elderly women for 10 years from Jan 1, 1990 to Dec 31, 1999. No one was lost to follow-up. During your study period, 5 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer, but they all survived until the end of the study. What was the prevalence of ovarian cancer on December 31, 1999?

a. 5/100 or 5%

b. 5/970

c. 5/1,000

d. 5/5 or 100%

e. 0
a. 5/100 or 5%
If the prevalence of heart disease has been more or less constant for the past 10 years (new cases have been balanced by cures or deaths) what would be the effect of a treatment that prolongs the life of people suffering from CVD?

a. It would decrease the prevalence.

b. It would have no effect on prevalence.

c. The effect cannot be predicted from the information given.

d. It would increase the prevalence.
d. It would increase the prevalence.
You begin a new screening program for hypertension in your population. How would you ascertain if your new program was having the intended outcome?

a. The prevalence of hypertension will decrease in your population.

b. The incidence of hypertension will increase in your population.

c. The mortality rate for kidney disease will increase.

d. The burden of hypertension in the population will decrease.
b. The incidence of hypertension will increase in your population.
You are a public health nurse in a state health department facing budget challenges. You need to work with your team to prioritize the communities that need the most focused interventions related to decreasing their annual preterm birth rate. Which community should the nurse suggest as the highest priority?

a. Community A - 10 annual preterm births in a community of 450

b. Community B - 120 annual preterm births in a community of 3,000

c. Community C - 50 annual preterm births in a community of 1,000

d. Community D - 120 annual preterm births in a community of 2,000
d. Community D - 120 annual preterm births in a community of 2,000
Which of the following best describes community-based nursing?

a. A philosophy that guides family-centered illness care

b. Providing care with a focus on the group's needs

c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs

d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care
a. A philosophy that guides family-centered illness care
Which of the following best describes community-oriented nursing?

a. Focusing on the provision of care to individuals and families

b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions

c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting

d. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
d. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?

a. Families and groups

b. Illness-oriented care

c. Individuals within the family unit

d. Promotion of quality of life
d. Promotion of quality of life
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century?

a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research

b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures

c. Sanitation and other public health activities

d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
c. Sanitation and other public health activities
Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse?

a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen

b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions

c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed health services

d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
Which of the following public health nurses most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?

a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues

b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies

c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns

d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions?

a. Policy development

b. Assessment

c. Assurance

d. Scientific knowledge-based care
c. Assurance
Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing?

a. Assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic

b. Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries

c. Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic

d. Administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic
a. Assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic
Which of the following variables have led to a stronger commitment to population-focused services? (Select all that apply.)

a. Economic turmoil and demand for high-technology care

b. Emergence of new or drug-resistant infectious diseases

c. Emphasis on overall health care needs rather than only on acute care treatment

d. Threat of bioterrorism
B, C, D

b. Emergence of new or drug-resistant infectious diseases

c. Emphasis on overall health care needs rather than only on acute care treatment

d. Threat of bioterrorism
Which of the following actions demonstrate(s) effective public health nursing practice in the community? (Select all that apply.)

a. Epidemiologic investigations examine the environment for health hazards.

b. New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live.

c. Partnerships are established with community coalitions.

d. Staff members at the public health agency continue to increase in number
A, B, C

a. Epidemiologic investigations examine the environment for health hazards.

b. New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live.

c. Partnerships are established with community coalitions.
Why are nurses increasingly providing care in clients' homes rather than in hospitals? (Select all that apply.)

a. Home care is less expensive.

b. It is much more efficient to give care in the home.

c. Nurses prefer to give home care with individual attention.

d. People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals.
A, D

a. Home care is less expensive.

d. People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals.
A nurse is explaining the health care system in the United States to a group of physicians visiting from South America. How would the nurse best describe the current health care system?

a. "It is a logical, rational approach to meeting expressed needs while still trying to control costs."

b. "It is a system in the process of reform as problems have become increasingly apparent."

c. "It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care."

d. "It is the best in the world with outstanding research and high-technology care available to all."
c. "It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care."
Which of the following best describes ideal primary health care?

a. Based on a multidisciplinary group of health care providers that work as a team

b. Essential care available to all community members, which encourages self-management

c. Focused on health promotion and disease prevention for everyone enrolled in the health center

d. Local efforts to meet the Declaration of Alma Ata principles
b. Essential care available to all community members, which encourages self-management
How does managed care attempt to control costs of care?

a. By encouraging families to use the point of service list of individual practice associates

b. By requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network and not allowing access to other services without their provider's permission

c. By moving Medicaid-eligible families onto state Medicare enrollment

d. By refusing permission for families to use urgent care or emergency department services
b. By requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network and not allowing access to other services without their provider's permission
A nurse is determining which health care services must be offered at a local public health clinic. Which of the following factors is most important for the nurse to consider?

a. Data available from the most recent community assessment

b. Suggestions from community members about what is needed

c. Recommendations of Healthy People 2020

d. Services mandated by the state government
d. Services mandated by the state government
A nurse is planning to conduct research on patient care outcomes. Which of the following agencies would the nurse use as a resource?

a. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality

b. Federal Agency for Patient Care Outcomes

c. National Center for Nursing Research

d. U.S. Agency for Patient Care Effectiveness
a. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality
How does the Department of Agriculture promote the health of U.S. citizens?

a. By collecting surplus food left after mechanical harvests and distributing it to the poor

b. By inspecting food, so no foodborne illnesses can occur

c. By collaborating with others to provide food or food stamps to needy persons

d. By providing direct education and grants to dietitians and nutritionists
c. By collaborating with others to provide food or food stamps to needy persons
What do demographic figures suggest about the ways in which the population of the United States is changing? (Select all that apply.)

a. Approximately 12% of the U.S. population was born in a different country.

b. Hispanics are the largest minority group population.

c. Households consisting primarily of intact families continue to grow.

d. Mortality for both genders in all age groups declined.
A, B, D

a. Approximately 12% of the U.S. population was born in a different country.

b. Hispanics are the largest minority group population.

d. Mortality for both genders in all age groups declined.
Which of the following statements are accurate descriptions of current social and economic trends in the United States? (Select all that apply.)

a. Citizens are appreciating the quality of life enjoyed in the United States.

b. Enjoying life is not as important as the need to take care of oneself.

c. Many families are seeing decreases in family income.

d. Massive and unexpected social and economic changes have occurred.
A, C, D

a. Citizens are appreciating the quality of life enjoyed in the United States.

c. Many families are seeing decreases in family income.

d. Massive and unexpected social and economic changes have occurred.
Which of the following provides evidence that the U.S. health care system is in crisis? (Select all that apply.)

a. Full-time employees may not have health insurance as a benefit.

b. Incompetent or negligent nurses are an ongoing source of medical errors.

c. Long work hours and provider fatigue are a major factor in medical errors.

d. More punitive measures must be taken to decrease provider errors.
A, C

a. Full-time employees may not have health insurance as a benefit.

c. Long work hours and provider fatigue are a major factor in medical errors.
A nurse is working at a state health department. Which of the following duties would most likely be completed in this setting? (Select all that apply.)

a. Administering the Medicaid program

b. Assessing the health needs of the state's citizens

c. Employing and supervising school health nurses

d. Establishing and maintaining free clinics for HIV-positive drug abusers
A, B

a. Administering the Medicaid program

b. Assessing the health needs of the state's citizens
Which of the following best describes most Americans' attitude toward immigrants?

a. Ambivalence because there are no clear solutions about how to address their needs

b. Strongly negative because immigrants take jobs that native-born Americans could have instead

c. Strongly positive because immigrants bring useful job skills and often join previous family members already in the United States

d. Strong opposition to further immigration because of the increasing population in the United States
a. Ambivalence because there are no clear solutions about how to address their needs
A nurse wishes to develop cultural competence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

a. Complete a survey of all the various ethnicities represented in the nurse's community.

b. Consider how the nurse's own personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of his or her culture.

c. Invite a family from another culture to join the nurse for an event.

d. Study the beliefs and traditions of persons living in other cultures.
b. Consider how the nurse's own personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of his or her culture.
A male nurse had a habit of sitting with the lower part of one leg resting over the knee of his opposite leg when collecting a client's history. He stopped doing this around Muslim clients after being told that Muslims were offended when he exposed the sole of his foot (shoe) to their face. Which of the following was exhibited by the nurse when he changed his behavior?

a. Cultural accommodation

b. Cultural imposition

c. Cultural repatterning

d. Cultural skill
d. Cultural skill
The nurse practitioner (NP) discovered that an immigrant client is not taking the penicillin prescribed because his illness is "hot" and he believes that penicillin, a "hot" medicine, will not provide balance. Which of the following terms best describes the action taken by the NP when the client's prescription is changed to a different yet equally effective antibiotic?

a. Cultural awareness

b. Cultural brokering

c. Cultural knowledge

d. Cultural skill
d. Cultural skill
Mexican immigrants who take metamizole ("Mexican aspirin") for pain may experience life-threatening agranulocytosis. Which of the following actions would be taken by a nurse who employs cultural repatterning?

a. Complete a cultural assessment to identify any other dangerous medications that the client may be taking.

b. Put this into perspective by considering that many drugs used in the United States cause agranulocytosis.

c. Explain the harmful effects of metamizole and recommend an alternative medication for pain.

d. Recognize that taking metamizole is common among persons living in Mexico and accept this as a cultural tradition.
c. Explain the harmful effects of metamizole and recommend an alternative medication for pain.
--> cultural repatterning
A health care worker tells a nurse, "It does no good to try to teach those Medicaid clients about nutrition because they will just eat what they want to no matter how much we teach them." Which of the following is being demonstrated by this statement?

a. Cultural imposition

b. Ethnocentrism

c. Racism

d. Stereotyping
d. Stereotyping
A nurse says, "I'm not going to change the way I practice nursing based on where the client is from, because research shows that Western health care technology and research is best." Which of the following is being demonstrated by the nurse's statement?

a. Ethnocentrism

b. Prejudice

c. Racism

d. Stereotyping
a. Ethnocentrism
For a bedridden Muslim patient, the nurse rearranges the room and moves the bed so that it faces toward Mecca for the patient's daily prayers. Which of the following is the nurse demonstrating through these actions?

a. Accommodation

b. Awareness

c. Brokering

d. Imposition
a. Accommodation
A nurse recognizes that although a patient speaks English, the patient is from a culture with which the nurse is unfamiliar. Therefore, a cultural assessment should be attempted. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask? (Select all that apply.)

a. "Can you tell me where your family is from?"

b. "Do you practice a particular religious faith?"

c. "Have you ever been in an American hospital before?"

d. "Is there anything special we need to know about your food preferences?"
A, B

a. "Can you tell me where your family is from?"

b. "Do you practice a particular religious faith?"
A nurse is using analytic epidemiology when conducting a research project. Which of the following projects is the nurse most likely completing?

a. Reviewing communicable disease statistics

b. Determining factors contributing to childhood obesity

c. Analyzing locations where family violence is increasing

d. Documenting population characteristics for healthy older citizens
b. Determining factors contributing to childhood obesity
Several small communities have applied for grant funding from the state department of health to help decrease their teenage pregnancy rate. Which of the following communities should the nurse suggest receive funding first?

a. Community A—with 23 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 500

b. Community B—with 45 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1000

c. Community C—with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 2000

d. Community D—with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1500
d. Community D—with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1500
The nursing staff has attempted to screen the entire African-American population in the community for diabetes. Which of the following would provide immediate verification of the success of the nursing staff's efforts?

a. An epidemic of diabetes will be recognized.

b. The incidence of diabetes will increase in the community.

c. The prevalence of diabetes will decrease in the community.

d. The risk for diabetes in the community will increase.
b. The incidence of diabetes will increase in the community.
In a particular community, several high school students were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Type 2 during the annual high school health fair. Over the next few years, the nursing staff developed and implemented educational programs about the risk factors for diabetes mellitus Type 2 and proper nutrition. Which of the following would be most useful for the nurses to use to determine if they are having any impact?

a. The epidemic of diabetes in the high school is gradually ending.

b. The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events.

c. The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events.

d. The risk for diabetes is slowly increasing over time.
b. The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events.
This year 600 of 8000 young women ages 17 to 20 years at a university health center tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Which of the following terms best describes this data?

a. An epidemic

b. Incidence

c. Prevalence

d. Risk
c. Prevalence
A nurse is examining all of the various factors which can lead to disease. Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use?

a. Epidemiologic triangle

b. Health promotion

c. Levels of prevention

d. Natural history of disease
a. Epidemiologic triangle
A nurse is investigating a bacterial illness that has caused a health problem in the community. Only some of the people exposed to the bacteria have become ill. Which of the following factors best explains why this would have happened?

a. Chemical agent factors

b. Environmental factors

c. Host factors

d. Physical agent factors
c. Host factors
A nurse uses lecturing as the primary method of educating clients. Which part of the education process is missing?

a. Evaluation

b. Experience

c. Participation

d. Understanding
c. Participation
A nurse is planning an educational program about cardiovascular disease. Which of the following would be the optimal time for the nurse to elicit feedback from program participants?

a. At the beginning of the program

b. At the program midpoint

c. Immediately following program completion

d. Throughout the program
d. Throughout the program
Which of the following strategies should be used when providing educational programs for children? (Select all that apply.)

a. Emphasize how to build learning from previous experiences.

b. Use simple words to enhance understanding.

c. Use objects to help increase their attention.

d. Emphasize the importance of the long-term consequences.
B, C

b. Use simple words to enhance understanding.

c. Use objects to help increase their attention.
When does disaster management begin?

a. Before the disaster occurs

b. During the disaster

c. Immediately following the disaster

d. During the recovery period
a. Before the disaster occurs
A nurse is working with a community during the preparedness stage of disaster management. Which of the following events would the nurse anticipate occurring?

a. Heightened inspection and increased security in the community

b. Incorporation of provision of pets into local disaster plans

c. Purchase of personal protective equipment for all citizens

d. Assembly of disaster kits for the home, workplace, and car
d. Assembly of disaster kits for the home, workplace, and car
A community health nurse has invited several agencies in the community to a meeting to discuss the disaster plan for the community. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this meeting?

a. To increase stability in the community

b. To improve overall community functioning

c. To manage response to disasters in the community

d. To enhance communication among agencies in the community
c. To manage response to disasters in the community
A nurse was the first on the scene of a disaster and saw people with injuries ranging from minor to serious. Some of those with minor injuries were helping others. Which of the following injured persons would the nurse assist first?

a. Those with life-threatening head and chest injuries

b. Those who have life-threatening abdominal injuries

c. Those who have serious injuries of limbs

d. Those who are hurt but still mobile and functioning
b. Those who have life-threatening abdominal injuries
A nurse learns about a huge disaster a few states away. Which of the following actions by the nurse would be most helpful in this situation?

a. Contributing funds to any charity that is assisting the victims

b. Driving over to the area and volunteering to assist

c. Sending clothes and food to the area for distribution

d. Training to become a Red Cross disaster volunteer
d. Training to become a Red Cross disaster volunteer
A nurse attends a conference to learn more about public health surveillance. Why is it so important that the nurse be knowledgeable about this topic?

a. Because nurses are employed in public health agencies

b. Because nurses are often the first to recognize and respond to a problem

c. Because nurses are responsible for ensuring that action is taken when necessary

d. Because nurses are typically the ones to interact with the public and the media
b. Because nurses are often the first to recognize and respond to a problem
Which of the following types of surveillance is being used when case reports are routinely sent to local health departments by health care providers and laboratories, where the data are then summarized and forwarded to those responsible for monitoring such reports?

a. Active surveillance

b. Passive surveillance

c. Sentinel surveillance

d. Special surveillance
b. Passive surveillance
In which of the following situations would the nurse most likely use active surveillance?

a. A newspaper wants to know the incidence of asthma in the community.

b. A real-time ongoing communication channel is established to monitor a particular symptom.

c. Several children become ill with GI upset at one local school.

d. The nurse is asked to report the incidence of a specific nonreportable common problem in the community.
c. Several children become ill with GI upset at one local school.
Which of the following describes the purpose of surveillance systems today? (Select all that apply.)

a. To obtain data used to fight for increased budgets from taxpayers

b. To evaluate the effectiveness of public health programs

c. To monitor and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases

d. To note and help prevent occupational exposure and diseases
B, C, D

b. To evaluate the effectiveness of public health programs

c. To monitor and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases

d. To note and help prevent occupational exposure and diseases
A public health department becomes aware of an impending health problem before any problem is reported to the agency. Which of the following has most likely occurred within the community? (Select all that apply.)

a. Doctors are feeling rushed as they interact with each patient.

b. Emergency departments are notably busier than usual.

c. Nurses are calling in ill to the local hospital.

d. Pharmacists are discussing the increase in medication purchases.
B, D

b. Emergency departments are notably busier than usual.

d. Pharmacists are discussing the increase in medication purchases.
A nurse wants to establish a program to decrease the death rate among children. Which of the following health problems should be the target of this program?

a. Accidents and injuries

b. AIDS

c. Childhood obesity

d. Vaccine-preventable diseases
a. Accidents and injuries
A nurse wants to establish a program to decrease the death rate among adolescents. Which of the following programs should be developed?

a. Anti-alcohol program

b. Anti-smoking program

c. Careful driving program

d. Safe sex program
c. Careful driving program
Which of the following is of the greatest concern for the nurse who works with high school students?

a. Alcohol use

b. Motor vehicle accidents

c. Sports-related injuries

d. Unprotected sex
b. Motor vehicle accidents
Which of the following children is most at risk for being abused?

a. A 1-year-old

b. A 6-year-old

c. A 9-year-old

d. A teenager
a. A 1-year-old
A client has designated someone else to make health care decisions when he or she is unable to do so. Which of the following methods is the client using to make health care decisions?

a. An advance directive

b. A living will

c. A durable medical power of attorney

d. The Patient Self-Determination Act
c. A durable medical power of attorney
A nurse is new to the community but wants to begin planning immediately for health promotion programs. Even though the nurse does not yet know the community, which of the following programs would be good to plan first?

a. Alcohol and tobacco cessation programs

b. Cancer screening programs

c. Cardiac health education programs

d. Exercise for life programs
c. Cardiac health education programs
Which of the following factors has the largest impact on health disparities among all populations?

a. Ethnicity

b. Education level

c. Lifestyle choices

d. Poverty
d. Poverty
Which of the following is the primary cause of vulnerability to health problems?

a. Breakdown of family structures

b. Poverty

c. Prejudice

d. Social isolation
b. Poverty
Which of the following terms is used to describe aggregates who are at high risk for having poor health outcomes because of limited resources?

a. Disadvantaged families

b. Multi-problem families

c. Resilient populations

d. Vulnerable populations
d. Vulnerable populations
Which of the following factors predisposes many migrant farmworkers to disenfranchisement?

a. Being a minority group member

b. Inability to attend religious services because of work requirements

c. Previous experiences of physical abuse

d. Short length of time in the community
d. Short length of time in the community
Nursing students have been assigned to set up a health fair for the homeless population in a large urban setting. Without any funds to pay for space, where should the health fair be located, assuming that all of the following sites are available at no cost?

a. At the city's homeless shelter, which is, by policy, vacant during the day

b. At a large medical center, where the students could get permission to use an empty clinic in the evening

c. At the largest inner-city police station, where there was a large empty space available

d. At the local community college, where there are plenty of tables and chairs
a. At the city's homeless shelter, which is, by policy, vacant during the day
A staff member is orienting a new nurse to a health clinic that serves primarily vulnerable populations. Which of the following statements indicates a need for additional staff education?

a. "If a client who does not speak English comes in, you must obtain an interpreter right away."

b. "We try to take care of as many problems as possible in one visit, so when you interview the client ask about additional concerns."

c. "You will like working with Hispanic immigrants because they have close-knit family structures."

d. "You will need to assist the client by scheduling any referral or follow-up appointments around their work schedules."
c. "You will like working with Hispanic immigrants because they have close-knit family structures."
Which statements by a nurse demonstrate understanding of the unique needs of vulnerable groups? (Select all that apply.)

a. "I always address the problem that the client believes is the most important."

b. "I avoid asking clients for income or financial information, because this is an invasion of privacy."

c. "I try to observe the client's cultural traditions as I probe for signs of abuse."

d. "I make sure to do a complete assessment, since we often don't know when the person will return to the clinic."
A, C

a. "I always address the problem that the client believes is the most important."

c. "I try to observe the client's cultural traditions as I probe for signs of abuse."
Which of the following best describes a health professional shortage area (HPSA)?

a. An area with inadequate health care facilities for residents

b. An isolated area of underserved populations within an urban region

c. A region with insufficient numbers of health care providers

d. A rural region of the United States with a population density of less than 10,000
c. A region with insufficient numbers of health care providers
A migrant farmworker has been injured while working on the farm. Which of the following would provide assistance to care for this injury?

a. Emergency department for immediate care

b. Migrant Health Act clinics

c. OSHA, because the man was injured by farm machinery

d. Workers' Compensation, because injury was at work
a. Emergency department for immediate care
A nurse is caring for a migrant farm worker who has been working in the agricultural industry for the past 10 years. When questioned about environmental hazards, the client reports regular exposure to pesticides. Which of the following disorders is the client most at risk to develop?

a. Cancer

b. Memory loss

c. Skin rashes

d. Headaches
a. Cancer
In addition to those barriers faced by many residents in rural areas, what additional barrier to health care is a Hispanic migrant farmworker likely to encounter?

a. Absence of culturally competent care

b. Availability of specialists

c. Distance of health care facilities from the place of residence

d. High cost of health care
a. Absence of culturally competent care
Which of the following is the most accurate description of a migrant farmworker?

a. A person who does farm work as the primary means of employment, although other work may be done when the seasonal work ends

b. A person who immigrates to the United States to "follow the crops" in performing seasonal farm work

c. A person who moves from place to place to earn money performing seasonal agricultural work

d. A person who specializes in the development of rural land for the purpose of farming
c. A person who moves from place to place to earn money performing seasonal agricultural work
A nurse is working with Mexican immigrants. Which of the following behaviors would most likely lead to a positive interaction for the nurse?

a. Avoiding touching the client except when necessary as part of the physical examination

b. Calling the client by name, socializing before addressing the problem, and being very respectful

c. Keeping all interactions direct, to the point, and targeted on the reason for presentation

d. Maintaining a non-confrontational relationship by avoiding any disagreement even if the nurse does disagree with what the client is saying
b. Calling the client by name, socializing before addressing the problem, and being very respectful
Which of the following conditions of the rural environment provides increased opportunities for teaching?

a. Increased interaction among residents due to neighbors visiting neighbors on the family farms

b. Involvement in rural community activities provides more contact with community residents than in urban areas

c. Nursing responsibilities in these areas stress the importance of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

d. Increased illnesses and injuries of rural residents require that they see nurses more often
b. Involvement in rural community activities provides more contact with community residents than in urban areas
Which of the following best describes why health professionals would be particularly concerned about the health needs of residents in rural areas? (Select all that apply.)

a. About 25% of all U.S. residents live in rural settings.

b. People in rural areas are especially susceptible to acute illnesses rather than chronic diseases.

c. Diagnoses in rural areas are usually for physical injuries, not mental health concerns.

d. A high prevalence of poverty exists among rural families.
A, D

a. About 25% of all U.S. residents live in rural settings.

d. A high prevalence of poverty exists among rural families.
A nurse tells her nursing supervisor that her family is moving from the urban area where they both live to a rural area to be near her spouse's parents, who are becoming less independent. Which of the following suggestions would the nursing supervisor provide to the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

a. "Community members will probably hold you in higher regard and will look up to you."

b. "Expect to have less autonomy in a small town than you have working as a nurse in a medical center."

c. "You may feel like an isolated outsider, because the community may not immediately accept you."

d. "You will have to be very sensitive about the differences in the rural lifestyle."
A, C, D

a. "Community members will probably hold you in higher regard and will look up to you."

c. "You may feel like an isolated outsider, because the community may not immediately accept you."

d. "You will have to be very sensitive about the differences in the rural lifestyle."
A nurse's family has moved to a rural area to be near her spouse's aging parents. Which of the following would the nurse most likely notice about the family's new environment? (Select all that apply.)

a. It is very difficult to obtain continuing education, except for online programs.

b. Neighbors seem to expect the nurse to know everything about all health care and illness conditions.

c. Neighbors ask questions about health concerns any time they see the nurse, regardless of where they are.

d. People come to the health clinic before their situation becomes relatively serious.
A, B, C

a. It is very difficult to obtain continuing education, except for online programs.

b. Neighbors seem to expect the nurse to know everything about all health care and illness conditions.

c. Neighbors ask questions about health concerns any time they see the nurse, regardless of where they are.
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