Modern Biology Chapter 7

Terms in this set (17)

cellular respiration

process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates; oxygen from atmosphere combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide

three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis

reduced form of NAD+; electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration

process that does not require oxygen

aerobic respiration

process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; part or respiration carried out in presence of oxygen

anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

an organic molecule that accepts electrons during redux reactions in cellular respiration, similar to NADP+

breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen

lactic acid fermentation

chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product

alcoholic fermentation

anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol

unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories

mitochondrial matrix

fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitocondria

acetyl CoA (acetyl coenzyme A)

compound synthesized by cells and that plays major role in metabolism

biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; major pathway of oxidation; it releases energy

oxaloacetic acid

four-carbon compound of Krebs cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid

six-carbon compound formed in Krebs cycle

FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)

compound acting as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions

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