Modern Biology Chapter 7

Terms in this set (17)

cellular respiration
process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates; oxygen from atmosphere combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
pyruvic acid
three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis
NADH
reduced form of NAD+; electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration
anaerobic
process that does not require oxygen
aerobic respiration
process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; part or respiration carried out in presence of oxygen
glycolysis
anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
an organic molecule that accepts electrons during redux reactions in cellular respiration, similar to NADP+
fermentation
breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen
lactic acid fermentation
chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product
alcoholic fermentation
anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol
kilocalorie
unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories
mitochondrial matrix
fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitocondria
acetyl CoA (acetyl coenzyme A)
compound synthesized by cells and that plays major role in metabolism
Krebs cycle
biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; major pathway of oxidation; it releases energy
oxaloacetic acid
four-carbon compound of Krebs cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid
citric acid
six-carbon compound formed in Krebs cycle
FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)
compound acting as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
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