Evaluation of the Ankle & More

List three fracture tests for the ankle.
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List three fracture tests for the ankle.
-compression test
-bump/percussion test
-tuning fork
List the four stability tests:
-Anterior Drawer
-Tatar Tilt
-Kleiger's Test
-Thompson's Test
What happens during the Anterior Drawer stability test?
-checks the anterior talo-fibular ligament
-checking for looseness in the ankle
BILATERALLY COMPARE
What happens during the Tatar Tilt stability test?
-checks the calcaneo-fibular ligament
-checking for looseness
What happens during the Kleiger's Test?
-checks for deltoid ligament sprain or anterior tibiofibular ligament sprain
What happens during the Thompson's test?
-checks for a ruptured Achilles tendon
-athlete should lie prone
-squeeze the calf
How are high ankle sprains caused?
excessive dorsiflexion
How do we classify a mild ligament sprain?
ligament stretched
How do we classify a moderate ligament sprain?
partial tear in 1+ ligaments
How do we classify a severe ligament sprain?
complete tear
What does ecchymosis mean?discoloration due to bruisingWhat are some signs and symptoms of ankle sprains?-swelling -loss of motion -joint stiffness -ecchymosisHow do we treat an ankle sprain?-PRICE first 48 hours -weight-baring as tolerated, crutches to help -ace wrap, open basket weave taping, kinesio tape -first time sprains should get X-RAYS to rule out fracturesWhat do we always need to do when treating an ankle sprain?REHABWhat is the Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?a shin splintWhat is the MOI (mechanism of injury) for a Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?-mechanics , excessive pronation -muscle weakness , anterior tibialis -tight calves -running too much or too far too soon -change in training surface -improper shoes for the activityWhat are some Signs and Symptoms of a Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?-achy pain -pain will get worse as participation continues -pain is located at the distal 2/3s of the posterior medial aspect of the tibiaHow do we treat a Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?-reduce or change activity causing pain -fix any faulty mechanics, bad shoes or have custom orthotics made -ice massage, NSAIDs, stretching calves -COULD turn into a stress fractureWhat is Acute Compartment Syndrome caused by?Caused by a direct blowWhat are some signs and symptoms of the Acute Compartment Syndrome?-deep achy pain -swelling -increased pressure -numbness or tingling in foot or ankle MEDICAL EMERGENCYHow do we treat the Acute Compartment Syndrome?-get them to the doctor ASAP NO COMPRESSION that will make things worse -surgery is absolutely necessary - fasciotomyWhat is the name of the surgery one may have for a compartment syndrome (acute)?A fasciotomyWhat is a Chronic or External Compartment Syndrome brought on by?It is brought on by exercise, but occurs more than one timeWhat are some signs and symptoms of a Chronic or External Compartment Syndrome?-goes away as soon as exercise stops but can happen again and againHow do we treat a Chronic or External Compartment Syndrome?-surgery will permanently fix the problem -condition may still occur even if the following Tx is done: ........stretching, modifying activity, formal physical therapyWhat is the Mechanism for Injury (MOI) of an Achilles Tendon Rupture?-sudden painful plantar-flexion -typically occurs in people 30 years and olderWhat are some signs and symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Rupture?-athlete will hear/feel a snap -athlete will feel like they just got kicked in the back of the leg -plantar-flexion will be limited/painful -palpation of a gap or defect -positive Thompson's testHow do we treat an Achilles Tendon Rupture?-PRICE then... -send to doctor, possible surgery -immobilization 8-10 weeks -rehab after immobilization for strengthening and stretching