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Chemistry Final Review (Semester 2)

Terms in this set (66)

Law
Mathematical relationship among variables
Hypothesis
How an experiment is conjectured to turn out
Theory
A set of statements related to a new conclusion
Meter
Length measurement
Liter
Volume measurement
Gram
Mass measurement
.7=
1x10^-1
70=
7x10^1
700=
7x10^2
Kilo
One thousand
Centi
One hundredth
Mili
1/1000
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge- found in the shells
Atom
Basic unit of matter
Element
Many atoms, all the same
Molecule
Different atoms bonded together
Compound
Many molecules, all the same kind
Isotope
Family of elements with the same atomic number but different atomic mass
physical change
a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition
Chemical change
A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances.
Density
Amount of matter per unit of volume
metals
good conductors of heat and electric current
Nonmetals
Poor conductors of heat and electric current
Ploy-exclusion principle
No two like particles can be in the same place at the same time (personal space ex)
Certain qualities of water
You can't measure at the same time
Mendelev
Proposed 1st periodic table where elements were arranged according to Atomic Mass
Neuton
Energy is particles
Rutherford
An atom has a center and parts
Bower
Those atom's parts are moving
Alpha decay
Mass drops by 4, atomic # drops by 2 (least damage)
beta decay
Mass stays the same, atomic # goes up by 1 (more damage)
gamma decay
Photon is given off, accompanies beta decay, (most damage)
fission
atoms split, energy is released
fusion
atoms combine
Ionic
Metals and nonmetals bonding (weak)
Covalent
Strong, stable bonds
metallic bond
Bond between two metals
Vandervaal's Forces
this is what holds things together as solids
solvent
The milk in a chocolate milk mixture
Solute
The chocolate powder in chocolate milk (what's dissolved)
22.4
Liters per Mol
Barometer
Measures air pressure
anamometer
measures wind speed
Boyle's Law
Relates pressure and volume (. )
Charles Law
V1/T1=V2/T2 relates temp and volume
Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT gives you Molarity
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
Total pressure of a gas is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gases
STP (standard temperature and pressure)
273 K or 0 C
Standard pressure
1 atm
potential energy
stored energy
kinetic energy
released energy
light energy
photons moving
electrical energy
Energy caused by the movement of electrons.
chemical energy
potential energy stored in chemical bonds
mechanical energy
Kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object
Endothermic
Absorbs energy
Exothermic
Releases energy
Keq
Products over reactants
Ksp
Products only
Le Chatelier's Principle
when a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve the stress (teeter totter)
Ph over 7
bases
pH under 7
acids
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