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U.S. History EOC Practice Questions

Terms in this set (50)

The Kansas-Nebraska Act concerned which issue?
A. the right of Northerners to own slaves
B. the sale of federal lands to slave owners
C. the expansion of slavery into new territories
D. the return of slaves who had escaped from the South
C. the expansion of slavery into new territories
Explanation: The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed to allow for settlement in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. The act allowed for settlers to vote on whether or not the territory would have slavery.
Which of these was a direct consequence of the Civil War?
A. the disintegration of the Whig Party
B. the addition of new states to the Union
C. the use of popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery
D. the extension of voting rights to African American men
D. the extension of voting rights to African American men
Explanation: When the Civil War ended the U.S. entered a period called Reconstruction. During Reconstruction three amendments were added to the Constitution. The 15th Amendment allows African American men the right to vote.
What was the main accomplishment of the Freedmen's Bureau?
A. providing aid and education to emancipated slaves
B. helping Confederate states get readmitted to the Union
C. securing protections for African Americans' voting rights
D. preventing violence against African Americans in the South
A. providing aid and education to emancipated slaves
Explanation: The Freedmen's Bureau was created to assist in the transition from slavery to freedom. It succeeded in creating schools for African Americans.
The fourteenth amendment was proposed by Congress in response to which of the following?
A. the rise of violence against emancipated slaves
B. the passage of Black Codes throughout the South
C. the emergence of white resistance to the civil rights movement
D. the attempts of Democrats to limit the voting rights of African Americans
B. the passage of Black Codes throughout the South
Explanation: The 14th Amendment grants African Americans citizenship and full rights under the Constitution. To limit the rights and advancement of African Americans in the South, many Southern states passed Black Codes.
What was the main effect of the system of debt peonage that emerged in the South during the late 19th century?
A. African Americans were unable to afford to work agricultural jobs
B. African Americans left the South in large numbers to escape their debts
C. African Americans labored in a system that was nearly the same as slavery
D. African Americans had to work for low wages to pay off their emancipation costs
C. African Americans labored in a system that was nearly the same as slavery
Explanation: Debt peonage requires that a person's debt be paid off through work. After the Civil War many newly freed African Americans accrued sharecropping debt that was then paid off through labor.
Which of the following was the main reason that the federal government created a method for Native Americans to become U.S. citizens?
A. to reduce the amount of money spent supporting Native Americans
B. to encourage Native Americans to assimilate into mainstream society
C. to undermine the legal basis of the treaties made with Native American tribes
D. to guarantee that Native Americans enjoyed constitutionally protected civil rights
B. to encourage Native Americans to assimilate into mainstream society
Explanation: The main goal of U.S. relations with the Native Americans throughout the 1800's was assimilation. Those that did not want to assimilate were placed on reservations.
Which phrase best completes a diagram titled Goals of the Dawes Act?
A. Lure Native Americans to migrate to the frontier
B. Entice Native Americans to move to urban areas
C. Give Native Americans jobs in the federal bureaucracy
D. Push Native Americans to adopt an agricultural lifestyle
D. Push Native Americans to adopt an agricultural lifestyle
Explanation: The goal of the Dawes Act was to get the Native Americans to assimilate by making them independent farmers on the land they owned.
What was the main purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887?
A. to ensure the spread of manufacturing across the frontier
B. to remove import taxes for goods shipped from one state to another
C. to protect American agriculture and industry from foreign competition
D. to prevent railroads from charging farmers and merchants high shipping rates
D. to prevent railroads from charging farmers and merchants high shipping rates
Explanation: The Interstate Commerce Act was created to limit the monopolistic practices of the railroad industry.
Based on a quote from a Farmer's Alliance member such as Mary Elizabeth Lease, with which statement would she agree?
A. Although slavery has been abolished in this country, African Americans still find themselves held in bondage
B. Greater control over large corporations will help agricultural workers reclaim their livelihood and regain their financial footing
C. Farmers produce more food than the population can handle, but they are not permitted to sell their surpluses to other markets
D. Although child labor is a severe problem in the country, government leaders have done nothing to prevent children from working
B. Greater control over large corporations will help agricultural workers reclaim their livelihood and regain their financial footing
Explanation: The Farmer's Alliance was an organization that fought for the rights of agricultural workers. During the late 1800's the farmers were suffering from a recession and U.S. currency was backed by gold, making loans very expensive. The farmers were calling on the U.S. government to regulate costs of shipping and the money supply so that farmers could get out of debt.
What describes a pull factor that drew African Americans during the Great Migration?
A. the availability of good jobs in the North and West
B. the sale of inexpensive land by the federal government
C. the construction of low-cost government housing in growing cities
D. the absence of segregation and racial discrimination outside the South
A. the availability of good jobs in the North and West
Explanation: The Great Migration occurred between 1900 and 1929. During this time the U.S. experienced a boom in manufacturing that occurred in the Northeast and Midwest. The U.S. participation in WWI created a need for workers to make war supplies in factories up North.
Which statement describes both the First and Second Industrial Revolution?
A. Both revolutions resulted in migration from urban to rural areas
B. Both revolutions led to an increase in the number of farmers
C. Both revolutions produced technologies that improved productivity
D. Both revolutions relied on steel and oil resources to promote growth
C. Both revolutions produced technologies that improved productivity
Explanation: The First Industrial Revolution focused mainly on the textile industry. The Second Industrial Revolution saw much advancement to manufacturing and agriculture. Both produced inventions that improved the U.S.'s ability to produce.
Which entrepreneur had a significant impact on the cosmetics industry?
A. Harriet Beecher Stowe
B. Emily Dickinson
C. Sojourner Truth
D. Madame C.J. Walker
D. Madame C.J. Walker
Explanation: Madame C.J. Walker was an African American entrepreneur who invented hair and beauty products.
Which statement explains one reason for the change in urban population in the Northeast from 1870 to 1900?
A. Thousands of veterans returned home from the Civil War
B. Millions of people from the rural Midwest moved to cities
C. Millions of immigrants arrived from Southern and Eastern Europe
D. Thousands of immigrants arrived in the United States from China
C. Millions of immigrants arrived from Southern and Eastern Europe
Explanation: During the late 1800's and early 1900's the U.S. saw large numbers of New Immigrants arrive at our shores. These New Immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia.
The Gentlemen's Agreement between President Theodore Roosevelt and Japan resulted in a decrease of which of these?
A. Japanese troops stationed in Manchuria
B. Japanese immigration to the United States
C. tariffs between Japan and the United States
D. U.S. and Japanese fleets in the Pacific Ocean
B. Japanese immigration to the United States
Explanation: The Gentlemen's Agreement called for the Japanese to limit the number of passports it gave to allow travel to the U.S. for work. The U.S. was allowed to turn away a Japanese citizen who did not have a valid passport.
Why would a cartoon depict Roosevelt carrying his "big stick" through the Caribbean?
A. Roosevelt believed that an aggressive foreign policy was needed to prevent Caribbean nations from incurring major debts with European nations
B. Roosevelt believed that a strong military presence in the Caribbean was needed to protect the United States from attack by Latin American nations
C. Roosevelt felt that the United States had a moral responsibility to protect citizens from civil unrest in Caribbean nations
D. Roosevelt wanted to seize control of resources available in the Caribbean to promote U.S. business interests
A. Roosevelt believed that an aggressive foreign policy was needed to prevent Caribbean nations from incurring major debts with European nations
Explanation: T. Roosevelt's foreign policy was referred to as "Big Stick Policy" because at the time he could be aggressive. T.R. added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the U.S. would intervene in Latin America if European nations were taking advantage there. The U.S. would pay off any debts to ensure that no new colonies were created in the Caribbean.
The U.S. acquisition of which of the following territories limited Spain's influence in the Western Hemisphere?
A. Samoa
B. Hawaii
C. Puerto Rico
D. the Virgin Islands
C. Puerto Rico
Explanation: After the Spanish American War, the U.S. acquired Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean.
Which statement describes the role played by the U.S. journalists during the Spanish-American War?
A. Journalists provided frequent reports of the fighting, allowing the public to follow a foreign war closely for the first time
B. Journalists focused on bad news rather than good news in order to criticize the decisions made by the president and military leaders.
C. Journalists ignored the signs of impending war until it was too late to inform the public of the government's intentions to declare war on Spain
D. Journalists exaggerated events to build support for the war, giving the president and Congress little chance to resolve the conflict diplomatically
D. Journalists exaggerated events to build support for the war, giving the president and Congress little chance to resolve the conflict diplomatically
Explanation: Yellow Journalism or the exaggeration of facts was used to get public support for the Spanish-American War. They printed stories about Spanish aggression and images of the U.S.S. Maine exploding.
What was important about completing the Panama Canal?
A. It made it easier for the U.S. Navy to patrol Latin America
B. It shortened shipping routes between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
C. It created a security buffer between South American and the United States.
D. It prevented cheap Latin American goods from flooding the U.S. market.
B. It shortened shipping routes between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Explanation: The Panama Canal connected the Caribbean Sea and therefore the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific. Trading vessels no longer had to go around South America.
Which of the following describes a reason for the U.S. involvement in WWI?
A. U.S. citizens worried that the Central Powers might be swayed to adopt a non-democratic form of government
B. U.S. citizens were persuaded by German propaganda that placed Britain and France's cruelty on display
C. U.S. leaders feared that Germany might gain too much control and negatively affect American security and trade
D. U.S. leaders argued that the stage of war might shift from European soil to territory in the United States
C. U.S. leaders feared that Germany might gain too much control and negatively affect American security and trade
Explanation: During the early 1900's the U.S. experienced a boom in trade because of advancements in industry. They were trading all over Europe and Asia. As the Germans and their allies advanced, that trade was being limited.
What was the purpose for Woodrow Wilson giving a speech in 1917?
A. to justify the acquisition of overseas territories
B. to convince Congress to declare war on Germany
C. to persuade the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles
D. to reassure the public of his commitment to U.S. neutrality
B. to convince Congress to declare war on Germany
Explanation: Wilson made the war about democratic morals by saying we should enter the war to protect democracy around the world.
Which president pursued a policy of Vietnamization?
A. Gerald Ford
B. Richard Nixon
C. Lyndon Johnson
D. John F. Kennedy
B. Richard Nixon
Explanation: Nixon created the policy of Vietnamization during the Vietnam War. The policy called for U.S. troops to gradually level Vietnam and Vietnamese troops to take over the fighting.
Which of these contributed to the ratification of the 26th Amendment?
A. race riots in American cities
B. efforts of Civil Rights leaders
C. protests against the draft
D. media coverage of the Watergate scandal
C. protests against the draft
Explanation: Citizens can be drafted into war at 18 years old. Since young people were protesting the draft stating that they did not vote for the president and congressmen who drafted them, after the war, an amendment was passed to allow 18 year olds to vote.
Which movement benefited the most from its members' contributions to the war effort during WWI?
A. populism
B. civil rights
C. temperance
D. women's suffrage
D. women's suffrage
Explanation: Women were granted the right to vote after they worked in war industries during WWI.
What was the purpose of Palmer Raids?
A. to find and deport illegal immigrants
B. to break the power of the Klu Klux Klan
C. to identify and punish suspected communists
D. to undermine the Civil Rights movement
C. to identify and punish suspected communists
Explanation: Palmer Raids were FBI raids done on those suspected of being communist.
What conclusion could be drawn from a timeline showing changes in U.S. tariff policy between 1920 and 1930?
A. The American economy was almost entirely self-sufficient throughout the 1920's
B. During the 1920's, Congress supported domestic producers with a protective trade policy
C. During the 1920's, the United States shifted from an export-based economy to an import-based economy
D. Crop prices and corporate profits increased steadily during the 1920's as a result of government policy
B. During the 1920's, Congress supported domestic producers with a protective trade policy
Explanation: After WWI, the U.S. wanted to return to isolationism and be neutral to world affairs. One way they did this was to pass tariffs to reduce trade with other nations. As issues with trade was a cause for U.S. entry into WWI.
Which statement best describes the economic condition of American farm workers during the 1920's?
A. The entry of more women into the workforce meant fewer women were available for farm work
B. Overproduction reduced crop prices and kept farm workers from enjoying the general prosperity of the times
C. Subsidies and other government programs allowed farm workers' incomes to match those in industry
D. Higher prices for farm products resulted in a higher standard of living for all farm workers
B. Overproduction reduced crop prices and kept farm workers from enjoying the general prosperity of the times
Explanation: Farmers show the lowest rise in income. Low crop prices would reduce income.
Why did the United States participate in the Washington Conference (1912) and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)?
A. to reduce barriers to international trade
B. to work with other nations to prevent futures wars
C. to form military alliances as a defense against aggression
D. to expand American influence over Asia and Latin America
B. to work with other nations to prevent futures wars
Explanation: The Washington Conference reduced the navy in 5 countries to a set number of ships. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to avoid war.
Which African American leader believed the most "Talented Tenth" would allow African Americans to advance in society?
A. Booker T. Washington
B. Ida B. Wells
C. Marcus Garvey
D. W.E.B. DuBois
D. W.E.B. DuBois
Explanation: W.E.B. DuBois insisted that intellectual training of the most "Talented Tenth" of the African American population would provide the leadership for African American advancement.
What did President Franklin Roosevelt focus on during his First Hundred Days?
A. creating welfare programs to relieve public suffering
B. increasing government spending to stimulate production
C. establishing agricultural subsidies to relieve farmers
D. regulating banks to solve the root causes of the economic crisis
D. regulating banks to solve the root causes of the economic crisis
Explanation: During the First Hundred Days of the New Deal banks were closed to keep people from withdrawing their money and create more bank failure.
The following quote is from President Roosevelt in the early 1900's: "This Second New Deal gives 'contributors a legal, moral, and political right to collect their pensions and unemployment benefits.'"
Based on this quote, to which Second New Deal Act is Roosevelt referring?
A. Social Security Act
B. Volstead Act
C. Wealth Tax Act
D. Agricultural Adjustment Act
A. Social Security Act
Explanation: The Social Security Act provides money for the elderly in retirement and those with disabilities that keep them unemployed.
Passage of which of these represented a shift from the foreign policy that dominated American politics between the two world wars?
A. the Wagner Act
B. the Espionage Act
C. the Lend-Lease Act
D. the Taft-Hartley Act
C. the Lend-Lease Act
Explanation: The U.S. was in a period of neutrality at the beginning of WWII. By lending weapons to Allied countries the U.S. was no longer neutral.
What security measures are referred to in a case titled Korematsu v. United States in 1944?
A. internment of Japanese Americans
B. dropping of atomic bombs on Japan
C. deportation of all recent immigrants from Japan
D. exclusion of Japanese Americans from the draft
A. internment of Japanese Americans
Explanation: After the attack on Pearl Harbor, some believed that Japanese Americans aided Japan and that if Japan attacked it would be on the West Coast. Through executive order, Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps out west to be watched during the war. Korematsu sued saying the camps violated the rights of citizens, but the Supreme Court ruled against him.
How did the formation of the United Nations resemble the formation of the League of Nations?
A. It was created to prevent the spread of communism
B. It was set up to promote international efforts to stop war
C. It was intended to prevent another global Great Depression
D. It was boycotted by both the United States and the Soviet Union
B. It was set up to promote international efforts to stop war
Explanation: Both organizations were designed after major wars to keep peace between countries.
What was the name given to the 1940's policy of providing economic and military support to "free people" fighting against "outside pressures"?
A. the Marshall Plan
B. the Declaration of Human Rights
C. the Truman Doctrine
D. the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
C. the Truman Doctrine
Explanation: The Truman Doctrine allowed the U.S. to aid Greece and Turkey as they were recovering from WWII. The U.S. feared they might seek aid from the Soviet Union and become communist.
Which of these was used to justify U.S. support for South Vietnam?
A. internationalism
B. McCarthyism
C. the domino theory
D. the nuclear arms race
C. the domino theory
Explanation: The domino theory stated that if one country fell to communism all those around it would too. So aiding South Vietnam fight communism would keep communism from spreading.
Which of these contributed to increasing tensions between the United States and the communist world at the beginning of the Cold War period?
A. the United States' participation in the Korean War
B. the efforts of the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles in Turkey
C. the United States' construction of a wall dividing East and West Berlin
D. the military intervention in Hungary by NATO forces
A. the United States' participation in the Korean War
Explanation: The U.S. went to Korea to keep South Korea from being taken over by communists. The North Koreans were aided by China.
What effect did the Eisenhower Interstate System have on American society in the 1950's and 1960's?
A. it contributed to suburbanization
B. It slowed down the post-war baby boom
C. It shifted the economy away from agriculture
D. It increased Americans' reliance on government aid
A. it contributed to suburbanization
Explanation: The highway system allowed for more people to live away from urban areas and commute to work. The suburbs were created to meet the housing demand of those commuters.
Which of these was a long-term effect of protests that took place throughout the 1960's?
A. Americans became more willing to question government decisions
B. Government leaders refocused government policies to serve social needs
C. Future wars suffered from low levels of public supports
D. Young people began voting at rates higher than other groups
A. Americans became more willing to question government decisions
Explanation: The 1960's saw many civil rights and war protesters who either called for or questioned government action.
President Lyndon Johnson gave a speech in 1964 because the United States faced which of these problems?
A. a high level of poverty
B. failure to pass a minimum wage law
C. widespread unemployment
D. unequal pay for women
A. a high level of poverty
Explanation: The Economic Opportunity Act was part of Johnson's Great Society program to fight a war on poverty on the United States.
What did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. urge his followers to do in order to bring about racial justice?
A. file lawsuits against segregationists
B. engage in acts of civil disobedience
C. lobby Congress for reparations payments
D. vote only for African American candidates
B. engage in acts of civil disobedience
Explanation: Civil disobedience is when people nonviolently protest what they feel is unjust. MLK asked his people to participate in sit-ins, boycotts and marches to make others aware of the Civil Rights Movement.
What was the goal of African American and white volunteers during the Freedom Summer?
A. to train African Americans in job skills
B. to integrate state-supported universities
C. to protest segregated eating establishments
D. to register African American voters
D. to register African American voters
Explanation: Freedom Summer was a drive to register African Americans across the South to vote.
Police have to say which of the following as a result of the Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona?
A. "License and registration, please."
B. "You are hereby under arrest."
C. "You have the right to remain silent."
D. "Keep your hands where I can see them."
C. "You have the right to remain silent."
Explanation: The Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona requires that those accused of a crime be informed of their 5th Amendment rights.
Which of these efforts by the women's rights movement was similar to the Civil Rights movement's support for an end to poll taxes?
A. the attempt to get the Equal Rights Amendment ratified
B. the attempt to have women included in the Voting Rights Act of 1965
C. the attempt to promote equal pay for equal work
D. the attempt to raise awareness about women's underrepresentation in Congress
A. the attempt to get the Equal Rights Amendment ratified
Explanation: Poll taxes were ended by the 24th Amendment, women sought a similar solution to their issue asking for an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The ERA has never passed.
What was the event that forced President Reagan to make an address in 1987?
A. Iran Contra affair
B. Iranian hostage crisis
C. Marine barracks bombing in Lebanon
D. Invasion of Grenada
A. Iran Contra affair
Explanation: During the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980's, the U.S. supported Iraq but made a secret agreement to sell weapons to Iran. The U.S. government believed that the agreement would ease tensions and allow for the release of U.S. hostages held by Iranian terrorists in Lebanon.
The bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City in 1993 was an example of the growth of which of the following issues at the end of the 20th century?
A. genocide
B. poverty
C. terrorism
D. pollution
C. terrorism
Explanation: U.S. federal law defines terrorism as "the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives."
Which Great Society program continued to receive significant public and political support in the 21st century?
A. Medicare
B. food stamps
C. Affirmative Action
D. guaranteed student loans
A. Medicare
Explanation: Medicare is a government health insurance program for retired people that was created in the 1960's as part of Johnson's Great Society program.
The pursuit of which economic foreign policy objective cost President Clinton the support of labor leaders?
A. blocking immigration from poor countries
B. decreasing trade barriers among all nations
C. preventing labor outsourcing to developing nations
D. using sanctions to punish enemies of the United States
B. decreasing trade barriers among all nations
Explanation: President Clinton pushed for the passage of the North American Free Trade agreement which removed trade barriers between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
Which region has contributed the most to immigration to the United States in the 21st century?
A. Latin America
B. Southeast Asia
C. Eastern Europe
D. the Middle East
A. Latin America
Explanation: Since the year 2000 the majority of immigrants coming into the United States have come from Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean.
Why did the United States send military forces to the Balkans during the 1990's?
A. to capture terrorists who had attacked U.S. embassies in Europe and Africa
B. to prevent ethnic conflict from resulting in broader political and economic instability
C. to restore democracy after several elected governments had been overthrown by dictators
D. to deliver humanitarian aid to populations suffering from the effects of genocide
B. to prevent ethnic conflict from resulting in broader political and economic instability
Explanation: There was a civil war between Christians and Muslims in the Balkan country of Bosnia that resulted in ethnic cleansing between 1992 and 1995. The U.S. intervened to make sure that the cleansing stopped and the conflict did not spread to other countries.
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