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Abnormal Psychology, Butcher 16th Ed. Chapter 4

Terms in this set (35)

aphasia
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)
objective method of rating clincal symptoms that provides scores on 18 variables (ex. comatic concern, anxiety, withdrawl, hostility, and bizarre thinking) Produces structured and quantifiable format for rating clinical symptoms.
clinical diagnosis
process through which clinician arrives at a general "summary classification" of the patient's symptoms by following a clearly defined system (DSM -5).
comorbidity
An ongoing condition that exists with another condition for which the patient is receiving treatment.
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan
an imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration. Uses X-rays
cultural competence
Refers to a psychologist's need to be informed of the issues involved in multicultural assessment
dysrhythmia
Abnormal brain wave patterns
electroencephalogram (EEG)
Graphical record of the brain's electrical activity obtained by placing electrodes on the scalp and measuring the brain wave impulses from various brain areas
forensic
pertaining or used in the court of law
functional MRI (fMRI)
interrnal scanning tech that measures changes in local oxygenation (blood flow) to specific areas of brain tissue that in turn depend on neuronal activity in those specific regions, allowing the mapping of psychological activity such as sensations, images, and thoughts.
intelligence test
test used in establishing a subject's level of intellectual capability.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Internal scanning tech involving measurement of variations in magnetic fields that allows visualization of the anatomical features of internal organs, including the CNS and the brain.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Widely used and empirically validated personality scales.
neuropsychological assessment
Use of psychological tests that measure a person's cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance to obtain clues to the extent and locus of brain damage.
objective personality tests
Structured test, such as questionnaires, self-inventories, or rating scales, used in psychological assessment.
personality tests
an instrument, as a questionnaire or series of standardized tasks, used to measure personality characteristics or to discover personality disorders.
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Scanning technique that measures metabolic processes to appraise how well an organ is functioning.
presenting problem
Major symptoms and behavior the client is experiencing
projective personality tests
techniques that use various ambiguous stimuli that a subject is encouraged to interpret and from which the subject's personality characteristics can be analyzed.
psychological assessment
The use of psychological procedure such as behavioral observations, interview, and psychological tests to obtain a picture of a client's mental health symptoms and personality
rating scales
Formal structure for organizing information obtained from clinical observation and self-reports to encourage reliability and objectivity
reliability
Degree to which a measuring device produces the same result each time it is used to measure the same thing or when two or more different raters use it
role-playing
Form of assessment in which a person is instructed to play a part, enabling a clinician to observe a client's behavior directly
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Use of 10 inkblot pictures to which a subject responds with associations that come to mind. Analysis of these responses enables a clinician to infer personality characteristics
self-monitoring
Observing and recording one's own behavior, thoughts, and feelings as they occur in various natural settings.
sentence completion test
Projective technique utilizing incomplete sentences that a person is to complete, analysis of which enables a clinician to infer personality dynamics.
signs
Objective observations that suggest to a diagnostician a patient's physical or mental disorder.
standardization
procedure for establishing the expected performance range on a test.
structured assessment interview
interview with set introduction and that follows a predetermined set of procedures and questions throughout.
symptoms
patient's subjective description of a physical or mental disorder.
T score distribution
a standard distribution of scores that allows for a comparison of scores on a test by comparing scores with a group of known values.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Use of a series of simple pictures about which a subject is instructed to make up stories. Analysis of the stories gives a clinician clues about the person's conflicts, traits, personality dynamics, and etc.
unstructured assessment interviews
Typically subjective interviews that don't follow a predetermined set of questions. The beginning statements in the interview are usually general, and follow-up questions are tailored for each client. The content of the interview questions is influenced by the habits or theoretical views of the interviewer.
validity
Extent to which a measuring instrument actually measures what it purports to measure.
actuarial procedures
these procedures are typically employed by computer-based MMPI interpretation systems. In such systems, descriptions of the actual behavior or other established characteristics of many subjects with particular patterns of testscores have been stored in the computer. Whenever a person has one of these test score patterns, the appropriate description is printed out in the computer's evaluation. Such descriptions have been written and stored for a number of different test score patterns, most of them based on MMPI-2 scores.
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