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Final Exam Muscles

Terms in this set (38)

Orbicularis Oris
In: facial nerve (CN VII) via buccal branch

A: phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distension (blowing)
Depressor Anguli Oris
In: facial nerve (CN VII) via mandibular branch

A: part of dilators of mouth; depresses labial commissure bilaterally to frown (sadness)
Levator Labii Superioris
In: facial nerve (CN VII) via buccal branch

A: elevate and/or evert upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)
Levator Anguli Oris
In: facial nerve (CN VII) via buccal branch

A: part of dilators of mouth, elevate labial commissure (bilaterally to smile, unilaterally to sneer)
Buccinator
In: facial nerve (CN VII) via buccal branch

A: presses cheek against molar teeth; works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule; resists distension (when blowing)
Orbicularis Oculi
In: facial nerve (CN VII) via temporal and zygomatic branches

A: closes eyelids; palpebral part does so gently; orbital part does so tightly (winking)
Platysma
In: cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

A: draws the corner of mouth inferiorly and widens it (sadness and fright); draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched
Sternohyoid
In: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

A: depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
Omohyoid
In: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

A: depresses, retracts, and steadies the hyoid
Sternothyroid
In: C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

A: depress hyoid and larynx
Thyrohyoid
In: C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A: depresses hyoid, elevates larynx
Anterior Digastric
In: nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

A: working with infrahyoid muscles: depresses mandible against resistance, elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
Posterior Digastric
In: digastric branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

A: working with infrahyoid muscles: depresses mandible against resistance, elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
Mylohyoid
In: nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from mandibular nerve, CN V3)

A: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking
Stylohyoid
In: stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

A: elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth
Sternocleidomastoid
O: mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nuchal line

I: sternal head: manubrium of sternum; clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

In: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI, motor); C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

A: unilaterally: ipsilat laterally bends and contralat rotates head and neck; bilaterally: protrudes head and neck; elevates sternum during forceful inspiration
Anterior Scalene
O: transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae

I: 1st rib

In: ventral rami C4-C6 spinal nerves

A: laterally flex head and neck to same side; elevate first rib during forced inspiration
Middle Scalene
O: transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae

I: 1st rib

In: ventral rami C3-C8 spinal nerves

A: laterally flex head and neck to same side; elevate first rib during forced inspiration
Posterior Scalene
O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebrae

I: external border of 2nd rib

In: ventral rami C7-C8 spinal nerves

A: laterally flex head and neck; elevate 2nd rib during forced inspiration
Rectus Capitis Anterior
In: branches from the loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves

A; flex head
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
In: branches from the loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves

A: flex head and help stabilize it
Longus Colli
In: ventral rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

A: flexes neck acting bilaterally; contralateral rotation acting unilaterally
Longus Capitis
In: ventral rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves

A: flex head
Masseter
In: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via masseteric nerve

A: elevates mandible thus closing the jaw; superficial fibers make a limited contribution to protrusion of mandible
Temporalis
In: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via deep temporal branches

A: elevates mandible thus closing the jaw; horizontal (posterior) fibers are primary retractors of mandible
Medial Pterygoid
In: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via medial pterygoid nerve

A: acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible; contributes to protrusion; alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements
Lateral Pterygoid
In: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via lateral pterygoid nerve

A: acting bilaterally, protracts mandible and depresses chin; acting unilaterally, swings jaw towards contralateral side, alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral shewing movements
External Intercostal
In: intercostal nerve

A: elevate ribs during forced inspiration
Internal Intercostal
In: intercostal nerve

A: interosseous part, depress ribs during forced respiration; interchondral part, elevate ribs during forced respiration
Innermost Intercostal
In: intercostal nerve

A: interosseous part, depress ribs during forced respiration; interchondral part, elevate ribs during forced respiration
Transversus Thoracis
In: intercostal nerve

A: weakly depresses ribs
External Oblique
O: external surface of the 5th-12th ribs

I: linea alba, pubis tubercle, anterior half of the iliac crest

In: thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11 spinal nerves), subcostal nerve

A: bilaterally, flexes trunk; unilaterally, rotates trunk contralaterally; compresses abdominal viscera
Internal Oblique
O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of the iliac crest, lateral two thirds of the inguinal ligament

I: inferior borders of the 10-12th ribs, linea alba, pecten pubis via the conjoint tendon

In: thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral rami of T6-T2 spinal nerves); first lumbar nerves

A: bilaterally, flexes trunk; unilaterally, rotates trunk ipsilaterally; compresses abdominal viscera
Transversus Abdominis
O: internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral third of the inguinal ligament

I: linea alba with the aponeurosis of the internal oblique, pubic crest, pecten pubis via the conjoint tendon

In: thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves), first lumbar nerves

A: compresses and supports abdominal viscera
Rectus Abdominis
O: pubic symphysis, pubic crest

I: xiphoid process, 5th-7th costal cartilages

In: thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves)

A: flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera; stabilizes and posteriorly tilts pelvis
Quadratus Lumborum
O: medial half of the inferior border of the 12th rib, tips of the lumbar transverse processes

I: iliolumbar ligament, internal lip of the iliac crest

In: ventral rami of T12-L4 nerves

A: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes 12th ribs during inspiration
Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus)
In: branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

A: forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx
Levator Ani (Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, and Iliococcygeus)
In: nerve to levator ani (branches of S4); inferior anal (rectal) nerve; coccygeal plexus

A: forms most of pelvic diaphragm that helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
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