Samsam Anatomy Test 5

pelvis
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Terms in this set (71)
pelvis
part of the trunk infer-posterior to the abdominal cavity; contains distal part of the intestine and the urinary tract and the internal genital organs
bony pelvis
composed of the hip bones; sacrum and coccyx
superior pelvis
called false pelvis; anterior wall muscular
inferior pelvis
called true pelvis, anterior wall bony
superior pelvis apeture
border between true and false pelvis; between promontory of the sacrum and the pubic tubercle
pelvic outlet
between tip of the coccyx and lower border of the pubic symphysis
pelvic diaphragm
is the levator ani muscle
perineum
contains the penis, scrotum and anus in male and in female includes external genitalia and anus
levator ani muscles
puborectalis, pubococcygeous, and ileococcygeous
iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle
ala of ilium covered by
lateral wallcovered by the obturator interns muscle arising from pelvic surface of the ilium and ischium beneath the pelvic brimposterior wallcomposed of the piriformispelvic floorconsists of the levator ani and the coccygeousalcock's canalcontains pudenal nerve and internal pudenal artery and vein (formed by fascia of internal obterator internus)internal iliac aterymain blood supply of pelvisbifurcation of abdominal aortathere is median saccral artery as well as a lateral saccral artery; superior and inferior gluteal arteriesS1 nervebetween superior and inferior gluteal arteriesinternal female genital organsovaries, the uterine (fallopian) tubes, the uterus, and the vaginaexternal genital organsthe labia major and minor, the clitoris, vestibule of the vagina and the vestibular glandsbroad ligament of the uterussheath of the peritoneum lifted by the uterus and the fallopian tubesfolds of broad ligamentmesosalpinx and mesovariumextension of the broad liagmentvesticouterine and rectouterine(Douglas) pouches; forward and backward; over the urinary bladder and rectum anterior and posterior to the uterusOpenperitoneal cavity in female is consideredovariesalmond shaped structures of 2.5-5cm long; covered by mesovarium and attached to uterus by ligament of the ovaryovarian ligamentarises from the posterior surface of the lateral angle of the uterussuspensory ligamentovary attached to the lateral abdominal wall by; contains the ovarian artery and veinfallopian tubesrun from the tubal angle of the uterus to the surface of the ovary(on abdominal end); intraperitoneal and mobile; fixed by the mesosalpinxuterusanchored between urinary bladder and the rectum by muscular connective tissue retinaculum in the sub peritoneal connective tissue450number of eggs released during life timemyosisstops at 5th fetal month, production of primary oval sac, continues in pubertyround ligamentgoest into deep inguinal ring and inserts of subcutaneous tissue of labia majorretroversion of the uteruscan be cause of miscarriage or not get pregnant at all or pain during intercourseuterus structurepear-shaped, divided into body neck and funds; composed of smooth muscle layer called myometrium, mucosa (endometrium) is simple high columnar epitheliumfunduspart of uterus which rises above the tubal angleneckcalled cervix; 2 parts: supravaginal and vaginal part called portioportio1cm protruded into the vagina; vaginal epithelium: stratified squamous non-keratinized epitheliumisthmus of uterusinternal Os of cervis, cervical canal, external Oshabitual abortioninternal Os is incompetent; before 3rd month, tie cervix, loss of gesticulation sacuterine muscleundergoes hyperlasia and hypertrophy during pregnancy and then regressesblood supply of uterusuterine artery and ovarian artery, some from vaginal a.innervation of uterussympathetic and parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2,3,4)pap smearto evaluate the cervial pathology; count various cell types PBC, SSC, ISCLeiomyomas (fibroids)most common overall tumors in women, more in blacks than whites, estrogen sensate smooth muscle tumors that in pregnancy may enlarge and cause obstructive deliveryhistersympengogoraphycontrast medium into uterine tubedynamic supportgiven by the pelvic diaphragm and other muscular supportspassive (mechanical support)uterus is normally ante-flexed and bend forward over the urinary bladder (90o); prevents it from being pushed out of the genial openingdysparuniapain during intercoursecervis of uterusleast mobile part; supported by the endopelvic fascia or retinacula which also contains smooth m.transverse cervical (cardinal) ligamentextended from cervix to the lateral pelvic wallssacrocervical ligamentposteriorly supportpubocervical ligamentanteriorly supportendometriumlies directly on muscle, simply high columnar epithelia, contain uterine glands; basal layer of 1mm high not shed during menstration can be distinguished from a functional layer stratum compactum and st. spongiosummenstrual cyclecommonly 28 days, counting starts from the first day of bleeding, divided into phasesphase of desquamation and regeneration1st to 4th day, disappearance of progesterone and increase in estrogens, superficial portion of endometrium is shed and eventually the epithelium and the connective tissue of the function layer regenerate from the basal layer and the wound is closesphase of proliferation5th to 15th day, ovulation period, mainly controlled by estrogen, function layer grows, glands get bigger, spiral arteries form, body temperature risesovulationusually takes place 13014 days before the first day of the new menstrual periodphase of secretion15th-28th day, controlled by progesterone, mucous secretion and increase in blood vessels, at the end of this phase, progesterone decrease and arteries contract due to drying, ischemia follows and tissue damage and bleeding starts againfallopian tubes8-20cm long, lie intraperitoneally in the mesoalpinx of the broad ligament; 4 partsinfundibulumopen and has finer like structures; the fimbriaampulladilated part of the tube (5-6cm) which has longitudinal grooves to guide the ovum, site of fertilization but not implantationuterine partopens into the lumen of uterusmucosahas branching folds and is simply high columnar ciliated epithelium with glandular cells, some fluid is produced here and cilia produce a current towards uterusovumreleased from the follicle reaches the funnel via fimbria within 3-6 minutesectopic pregancyif implantation occurs at places other than the anterior or posterior walls of the cavity of the uterus; severe pain, surgical evacuation is an emergency operationsalpingitisinflamation and infection of the fallopian tubes, may lead to loss of the epithelium and may interfere with fertilization which may lead to sterilityuterine arterycrosses ureter and in male by vas(ductus) defrensurinary bladderlies in lesser pelvis, beneath peritoiummedian umbilical ligamentremnant of urachus, ascends from vertexbladdercan hold per 700ml of urin voluntarily, gower 350ml of urine urges us to urinate unless we don't do it voluntarily, has transitional type epitheliumtrigonetriangle structure at base and has two openings for uretersbenign prostatic hyperplasia (PBH)slight enlargement of prostate gland in males