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6.1: Digestion and Absorption

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Outline the role of peristalsis in the digestive process.



Understanding: The contraction of circular and longitudinal muscle of the small intestine mixes the food with enzymes and moves it along the gut.
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Outline the role of peristalsis in the digestive process.



Understanding: The contraction of circular and longitudinal muscle of the small intestine mixes the food with enzymes and moves it along the gut.
Peristalsis is the involuntary, wave-like contraction of muscle layers of the small intestine.

Peristalsis helps prevents backward movement of food and maintains the forward movement of the material.

Peristalsis also mixes food with intestinal enzymes.
Image: Outline the role of peristalsis in the digestive process. Understanding: The contraction of circular and longitudinal muscle of the small intestine mixes the food with enzymes and moves it along the gut.
List the source, substrate and product of lipase.



Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
Lipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes fats to fatty acids and glycerol.

Source: pancreas (secreted into small intestine)
Substrate: triglyceride
Product: glycerol and three fatty acids
Optimal pH: 7-8
Image: List the source, substrate and product of lipase. Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
List the source, substrate and product of proteases.



Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyzes proteins into smaller polypeptides, dipeptides and/or amino acids.

Pepsin:
Source: stomach
Substrate: proteins
Product: smaller polypeptides
Optimal pH: 2

Trypsin:
Source: pancreas (secreted into small intestine)
Substrate: proteins and smaller polypeptides
Product: dipeptides and/or amino acids
Optimal pH: 7-8
Image: List the source, substrate and product of proteases. Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
List the source, substrate and product of amylases.



Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
Amylases are enzymes that hydrolyzes starch into maltose.

Salivary Amylase
Source: Salivary glands
Substrate: starch
Product: maltose
Optimal pH: 7

Pancreatic Amylase
Source: pancreas (secreted into small intestine)
Substrate: starch
Product: maltose
Optimal pH: 7-8
Image: List the source, substrate and product of amylases. Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
Define "lumen."



Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
The lumen is the inside space of a tubular body structure that is surrounded by body tissue known as an epithelial membrane.

Examples of body structures that have a lumen include the large intestine, small intestine, veins, and arteries.
Image: Define "lumen." Understanding: The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.