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Research Methods Chapter 13

Terms in this set (38)

goal of Descriptive Research
is to obtain separate descriptions for each variable.
three descriptive research designs:
-Observational research

-Survey research

-Case study
Observational Research Design
The researcher observes and systematically records the behavior of individuals to describe the behavior.
Habituation
Repeated exposure of participants to the observer's presence until it is no longer a novel stimulus.
Behavior categories
Categories of behavior to be observed (such as group play, play alone, aggression).
Inter-rater reliability
The degree of agreement between observers is computed, either by computing a correlation between the scores for the observers or computing a proportion of agreement ranging from 1.00, perfect agreement, to 0, no agreement.
Frequency method
Count instances of each specific behavior.
Duration method
Record how much time an individual spends engaged in a specific behavior during a fixed-time observation period.
Interval method
Divide the observation period into a series of intervals, recording whether or not a specific behavior occurs during each interval, and then counting the number of intervals in which the behavior occurred
Three techniques used for sampling observations:
Time sampling
Event sampling
Individual sampling
Time sampling
A sequence of observe-record-observe-record that is continued through a series of intervals.
Event sampling
Observe and record one specific event or behavior during the first interval, then shift to a different event or behavior during the second interval, and so on for the full series of intervals.
Individual sampling
Identify one participant to be observed during the first interval, then shift attention to a different individual for the second interval, and so on.
Content analysis
Measures the occurrence of specific events in literature, movies, television programs, or similar media presenting replicas of behaviors.
Archival research
Look at historical records (archives) to measure behaviors or events that occurred in the past
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