Information Systems

Terms in this set (42)

Access Point
Box consisting of a radio receiver/transmitter and antennae that link to a wired network, router, or hub.
Acceptance Testing
Provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
artificial intelligence (AI)
is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals. In computer science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals.
batch processing
The execution of a series of programs on a computer without manual intervention.
business intelligence (BI)
A set of techniques and tools for the acquisition and transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes.
Business Strategy
The formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization competes.
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
A systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives that satisfy transactions, activities or functional requirements for a business.
Critical Path Method (CPM)
An algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities based on the time (duration) that each activity will take to complete, the dependencies between the activities, and logical end points such as milestones or deliverable items.
Critical Success Factors (CSFs)
An element that is necessary for an organization or project to achieve its mission.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
An approach to managing a company's interactions with current and future customers that often involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize sales, marketing, customer service, and technical support.
data mining
Analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior.
data administration
A special organizational function for managing the organization's data resources, concerned with information policy, data planning, maintenance of data dictionaries, and data quality standards.
Database Management System (DBMS)
A computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data.
Decision Support System (DSS)
A computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities.
E-commerce (electronic commerce)
Trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet.
eLearning
eLearning technology enables organizations to create customized training and education software. This can include lesson plans, monitoring progress against learning goals, online classes, etc. eLearning technology enables organizations to significantly reduce the cost of training and educating their members.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
An electronic communication method that provides standards for exchanging data via any electronic means.
enterprise portal
Web site that aggregates information across the entire organization or for groups within the organization such as project teams.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Business management software that a company can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities.
Executive information system (EIS)
A type of management information system that facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision-making needs.
Expert Systems
A computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
GIGO (garbage in, garbage out)
Describes how computers may unquestioningly process unintended, even nonsensical, input data and produce undesired, often nonsensical, output.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.
Groupware
Technologies that facilitate collaboration and sharing of organizational information. One of the earliest very successful products in this category was Lotus Notes. Notes provided tools for threaded discussions, sharing of documents, organization wide uniform email, etc.
Information System
A system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information.
knowledge base
Represents facts and rules.
Knowledge Management (KM)
The process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge, It refers to a multi-disciplinary approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.
Learning Management System (LMS)
Is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of educational courses or training programs.
management information system (MIS)
The management of information systems to provide efficiency and effectiveness of strategic decision making.
robot
A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer— capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within. Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to how they look.
scheduling and planning tools
Automate the creation and maintenance of an organization's schedule: scheduling meetings,notifying people of a meeting, etc. An example of a well known scheduling tool is Microsoft Outlook. The planning aspect can integrate with project management tools such as Microsoft Project. Some of the earliest successful uses of KM technology in the business world were the development of the following types of tools: online versions of corporate "yellow pages" with listing of contact info, relevant knowledge, and work history.
Strategic Planning
An organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy.
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
The oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.
Telepresence
Telepresence technology enables individuals to have virtual meetings rather than having to be in the same place. Videoconferencing is the most obvious example.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Consists of organization-wide efforts to install and make permanent a climate in which an organization continuously improves its ability to deliver high-quality products and services to customers.
Software Prototyping
The activity of creating prototypes of software applications, i.e., incomplete versions of the software program being developed.
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
A software system, or software/hardware combination, that processes data by dividing the processes into individual, indivisible operations.
Value-added network (VAN)
A hosted service offering that acts as an intermediary between business partners sharing standards based on proprietary data via shared business processes.
Value Chain
A set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the market.
Web 2.0
refers to World Wide Web websites that emphasize user-generated content, usability (ease of use, even by non-experts), and interoperability (this means that a website can work well with other products, systems, and devices) for end users.
workflow tools
Allow the representation of processes associated with the creation, use, and maintenance of organizational knowledge. For example the process to create and utilize forms and documents within an organization. For example, a workflow system can do things such as send notifications to appropriate supervisors when a new document has been produced and is awaiting their approval.
workflow management system (WMS)
Provides an infrastructure for the set-up, performance and monitoring of a defined sequence of tasks, arranged as a workflow.
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