Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

BIO CH. 9: The Digestive System

Terms in this set (58)

Intracellular digestion involves the oxidation of what two things to make energy?
glucose and fatty acids
Which of the two types of digestion occurs in the lumen of the alimentary canal? extra or intracellular?
extracellular
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of large food particles into ?
smaller particles
? is the enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds such as peptide bonds of proteins or the glycosidic bonds of startches
chemical digestion
The pathway of the digestive tract is: oral cavity-> pharynx->?
esophagus
The pathway of the digestive tract after the esophagus is stomach->?->large intestine->rectum
small intestine
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver and the gallbladder are all?
Accessory organs of digestion
The ? is in the wall of the alimentary canal and controls peristalsis. Its activity is up regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system and down regulated by the sympathetic nervous system
enteric nervous system
ADH is also known as ?
vasopressin
ADH and aldosterone promote?
thirst
glucagon and ghrelin promote?
hunger
leptin and cholecystokinin promote?
satiety
In the oral cavity, mastication starts the mechanical digestion of food, while ? and lipase start the chemical digestion
salivary amylase
Food is formed into a ? and then swallowed
bolus
The ? connects the mouth and posterior nasal cavity to the esophagus
pharynx
The ? propels food to the stomach using peristalsis
esophagus
Food enters the stomach through the ?
lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter
The stomach has four parts that include: fundus, body, antrum and ?
pylorus
The ? has a lesser and greater curvature
STOMACH
The stomach is organized into folds called?
rugae
Which type of secretory cells lining the stomach produce bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect the stomach?
mucous
Which type of secretory cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen
chief cells
Which type of secretory cells lining the stomach secrete HCl and intrinsic factor?
parietal cells
intrinsic factor is required for ?
vitamin B12 absorption
G cells create ?
gastrin
gastrin is a peptide hormone that increases HCl secretion and ?
gastric motility
After mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach, food particles are now called?
chyme
Food passes into the duodenum through the ?
pyloric sphincter
The ? is the first part of the small intestine and is primarily involved in chemical digestion
duodenum
? are a type of brush-border enzyme that break down maltose, isomaltose, lactose, and sucrose into monosaccharides
disaccharidases
aminopeptidase and dipeptidases are brush-border enzymes that fit into which category?
peptidases
? activates trypsinogen and procarboxypeptidases, initiating an activation cascade
enteropeptidase/kinase
? stimulates the release of pancreatic juices into the digestive tract and slows motility
secretin
Cholecystokinin stimulates ?release from the gallbladder, release of pancreatic juices and satiety
bile
? cells in the pancreas produce pancreatic juices
acinar
Bicarbonate, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic peptidases and pancreatic lipase are all components of?
pancreatic juice
trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and carboxypeptidases A and B are considered?
pancreatic peptidases
Bile is synthesizes by the ?
liver
After being synthesized by the liver, bile can be stored in the gallbladder or secreted into the ? directly
duodenum
? emulsifies fats, making them soluble and increasing their surface area
bile
Bile salts, pigments, and cholesterol=?
bile
? is a byprouct of the breakdown of Hb
bilirubin
The ? synthesizes albumin and clotting factors
liver
The ? produces urea and can activate or inactivate medications
liver
glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, storage and mobilization of fats and gluconeogenesis are all processes conducted by which organ?
liver
The ? stores and concentrates bile
gallbladder
The jejunum and ? of the small intestine are primarily involved in absorption
illeum
The presence of villi and microvilli within the small intestine allows for an increased absorption because?
surface area is increased
Villi contain vessels of the lymphatic system known as ?
lacetals
Villi contain a lacetal and ?
capillary bed
Water-soluble compounds, such as monosaccharides, amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, small fatty acids and water enter the small intestine via which part of a villi?
capillary bed
Fat-soluble compounds, such as fats, cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins enter the small intestine via which part of a villi?
lacetal
The large intestine absorbs water and ? to form semisolid feces
salts
The cecum is the outpocketing that accepts fluid from the ? through the ileoccecal valve and is the site of the appendix
small intestine
The ? is divided into ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions
colon
What stores feces, which is then excreted through the anus?
rectum
Gut bacteria produce vitamin ? and biotin
vitamin k
Vitamin B7 is also known as?
biotin
Other sets by this creator